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Mike Lockwood ‐ Publications
In preparation
362. M. Lockwood, A. Chambodut , I. D. Finch, L. A. Barnard , and M. J. Owens
Time-of-day / time-of-year response functions of planetary geomagnetic indices
J. Space Weather Space Clim., to be submitted (2018)
Submitted
361. M. Lockwood, S. Bentley, M.J. Owens, L.A. Barnard, C.J. Scott, C.E. Watt, O. Allanson and M.P. Freeman
The development of a space climatology: 2. The distribution of power input into the magnetosphere on a 3‐hourly timescale
Space Weather, submitted (2018)
360. M. Lockwood, S. Bentley, M.J. Owens, L.A. Barnard, C.J. Scott, C.E. Watt, O. Allanson and M.P. Freeman
The development of a space climatology: 3. The evolution of distributions of space weather parameters with timescale
Space Weather, submitted (2018)
359. M. Lockwood, I.D. Finch, A. Chambodut, L.A. Barnard, M.J. Owens, and E. Clarke
A homogeneous aa index: 2. hemispheric asymmetries and the equinoctial variation
J. Space Weather Space Clim., submitted (2018)
358. M.J. Owens, M. Lockwood, P. Riley, and L.A. Barnard
Long‐term variations in the heliosphere
in Long Term Datasets for the Understanding of Solar and Stellar Magnetic Cycle, Proceedings IAU Symposium No. 340, submitted (2018)
In Press
357. M. Lockwood, A. Chambodut, L.A. Barnard, M.J. Owens, E. Clarke, and V. Mendel
A homogeneous aa index: 1. Secular variation
J. Space Weather Space Clim., in press (2018)
356. M. Lockwood, S. Bentley, M.J. Owens, L.A. Barnard, C.J. Scott, C.E. Watt, and O. Allanson
The development of a space climatology: 1. Solar‐wind magnetosphere coupling as a function of timescale and the effect of data gaps
Space Weather, in press, doi: 10.1029/2018SW001856 (2018)
★ advanced copy from journal
2018
355. M. J. Owens, M. Lockwood and L.A. Barnard
► Ion charge states and potential geoeffectiveness: The role of coronal spectroscopy for space‐weather forecasting
Space Weather, 16 , doi: 10.1029/2018SW001855, (2018)
★ reprint from journal (open access)
354. L.A. Barnard, K.G. McCracken, M.J. Owens, and M. Lockwood
► What can the annual 10Be solar activity reconstructions tell us about historic space weather?
J. Space Weather Space Clim., 8, A23, doi: 10.1051/swsc/2018014 (2018)
★ reprint from journal (open access)
353. Q.-H. Zhang, M. Lockwood, J. C. Foster, Q.-G. Zong, M. W. Dunlop, S.‐R. Zhang, J.I. Moen, and B.‐C. Zhang
Observations of the step‐like accelerating processes of cold ions in the reconnection layer at the dayside magnetopause
Science Bulletin, 63 (1), 31‐37, doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.01.003 (2018)
352. M. Lockwood, M.J. Owens, L.A. Barnard, C.J. Scott, C.E. Watt and S. Bentley
► Space Climate and Space Weather over the past 400 years: 2. Proxy indicators of geomagnetic storm and substorm occurrence
J. Space Weather Space Clim., 8, A12, doi: 10.1051/swsc/2017048 (2018)
★ reprint from journal (open access)
2017
351. M.J. Owens, M. Lockwood, P. Riley and J. Linker
► Sunward strahl: A method to unambiguously determine open solar flux from in situ spacecraft measurements using suprathermal electron data
J. Geophys. Res., Space Physics, 122, doi: 10.1002/2017JA024631 (2017)
★ reprint from journal (open access)
350. M.J. Owens, M. Lockwood, E. Hawkins, I.G. Usoskin, G.S. Jones, L.A. Barnard, A. Schurer, and J. Fasullo
► The Maunder Minimum and the Little Ice Age: An update from recent reconstructions and climate simulations
J. Space Weather Space Clim., 7, A33, doi: 10.1051/swsc/2017034 (2017)
★ reprint from journal (open access)
349. M. Lockwood, M.J. Owens, L.A. Barnard, C.J. Scott, and C.E. Watt
► Space Climate and Space Weather over the past 400 years: 1. The Power input to the Magnetosphere
J. Space Weather Space Clim., 7, A25, doi: 10.1051/swsc/2017019 (2017)
★ reprint from journal (open access)
348. M.K. James, S.M. Imber, E.J. Bunce, T.K.Yeoman, M. Lockwood, M.J. Owens and J.A. Slavin
Interplanetary magnetic field properties and variability near Mercury's orbit
J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics,122,7907&8208;7924, doi:10.1002/2017JA024435 (2017)
★ reprint from journal (open access)
347. Q.‐H. Zhang, Y. Ma, P. T. Jayachandran, J. Moen, M. Lockwood,
Y.‐L. Zhang, J. C. Foster,
S.&8208;R., Zhang, Y. Wang, D. R. Themens,
B.‐C. Zhang, and Z.Y. Xing
Polar cap hot patches: enhanced density structures different from the classical patches in the ionosphere
Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 8159‐8167, doi:10.1002/2017GL073439 (2017)
★ reprint from journal
346. S. Thomas, M. Owens, M. Lockwood, and C. Owens
► Decadal trends in the diurnal variation of galactic cosmic rays
observed using neutron monitor data
Annales Geophys., 35, 825&8208;838 doi: 10.5194/angeo-35-825-2017 (2017)
★ reprint from journal (open access)
345. M.J. Owens, M. Lockwood, and L.A. Barnard
► Coronal mass ejections are not coherent magnetohydrodynamic structures
Nature, Scientific Reports, 7, Article # 4152, doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04546-3 (2017)
★ reprint from journal (open access)
344. M. Lockwood, M.J. Owens, S.M. Imber, M.K. James, E.J. Bunce, and T.K. Yeoman
► Coronal and heliospheric magnetic flux circulation and its relation to open solar flux evolution
J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 122 (6), 5870‐5894, doi:10.1002/2016JA023644 (2017)
★ reprint from journal (open access)
343. M. Lockwood, M.J. Owens, E. Hawkins, G.S. Jones and I.G. Usoskin
► Frost fairs, sunspots and the Little Ice Age
Astronomy and Geophysics, 58 (2), 2.17‐2.23, doi: 10.1093/astrogeo/atx057 (2017)
342. M.J. Owens, M. Lockwood, P. Riley
► Global solar wind variations over the last four centuries
Nature, Scientific Reports., 7, Article number 41548, doi:10.1038/srep41548 (2017)
★ reprint from journal (open access)
2016
341. M. Lockwood, M.J. Owens, L.A. Barnard
► Tests of sunspot number sequences: 4. Discontinuities around 1945 in various sunspot number and sunspot group number reconstructions
Sol. Phys., 291, 2843‐2867, doi: 10.1007/s11207-016-0967-1 (2016)
★ preprint from journal (open access)
340. Q.‐H. Zhang, J.I. Moen, M. Lockwood, I. McCrea, B.‐C. Zhang, K. A. McWilliams,
Q.‐G. Zong, S.‐R. Zhang, J. M. Ruohoniemi, E. G. Thomas, M. Dunlop, R.‐Y. Liu,
H.‐Q. Hu, and M. Lester
► Polar cap patch transportation beyond the classic scenario
J. geophys. Res. Space Physics, 121, 9063 9074, doi:10.1002/2016JA022443 (2016)
★ reprint from journal (open access)
339. M.J. Owens, E. Cliver, K. McCracken, J. Beer, L.A. Barnard, M. Lockwood, A.P. Rouillard,
D. Passos, P. Riley, I.G. Usoskin, Y.‐M. Wang
► Near‐Earth Heliospheric Magnetic Field Intensity since 1800. Part 2: Cosmogenic Radionuclide Reconstructions
J. Geophys. Res., 121 (7), 6064‐6074, doi: 10.1002/2016JA022550 (2016)
★ reprint from journal (open access)
338. M.J. Owens, E. Cliver, K. McCracken, J. Beer, L.A. Barnard, M. Lockwood, A.P. Rouillard,
D. Passos, P. Riley, I.G. Usoskin, Y.‐M. Wang
► Near‐Earth Heliospheric Magnetic Field Intensity since 1800. Part 1: Sunspot and Geomagnetic Reconstructions
J. Geophys. Res., 121 (7), 6048‐6063, doi: 10.1002/2016JA022529 (2016)
★ reprint from journal (open access)
337. M. Lockwood
► Jim Dungey, the open magnetosphere, and space weather
Space Weather, 14, 380 383, doi: 10.1002/2016SW001438 (2016)
★ reprint from journal (open access)
336. M. Lockwood, M.J. Owens, L.A. Barnard S. Bentley, C.J. Scott, and C.E. Watt
► On the Origins and Timescales of Geoeffective IMF
Space Weather, 14, 406 432, doi: 10.1002/2016SW001375 (2016)
★ reprint from journal (open access)
335. M. Lockwood, M.J. Owens, L.A. Barnard, C.J. Scott, I.G. Usoskin, and H. Nevanlinna
► Tests of sunspot number sequences: 2. Using geomagnetic and auroral data
Sol. Phys., 291, 2811 2828, doi: 10.1007/s11207-016-0913-2 (2016)
★ preprint from journal (open access)
334. M. Lockwood, M.J. Owens, E. L.A. Barnard, and I.G. Usoskin,
An assessment of sunspot number data composites over 1845‐2014
Astrophys. J., 824, 54 (17pp), doi: 10.3847/0004-637X/824/1/54 (2016)
★ preprint from arXiv
333. Y. Wang, Q.‐H. Zhang, P.T. Jayachandran, M. Lockwood, S.‐R. Zhang, J. Moen, Z.‐Y. Xing,
Y.‐Z. Ma, and M.E. Lester
► A comparison between large‐scale irregularities and scintillations in the polar ionosphere
Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, doi: 10.1002/2016GL069230. (2016)
★ reprint from journal (open access).
332. Q.‐H. Zhang, Q.‐G. Zong, M. Lockwood, R.A. Heelis, M. Hairston, J. Liang, I.W. McCrea, B.‐C. Zhang,
J.I. Moen, S.‐R. Zhang, Y.‐L. Zhang, J.M. Ruohoniemi, M. Lester, E.G. Thomas, R.‐Y. Liu, M.W. Dunlop,
Y.C.‐M. Liu and Y.Z. Ma
► Earth's ion upflow associated with polar cap patches: global and in‐situ observations
Geophys. Res. Lett., 43(5), 1845‐1853, doi: 10.1002/2016GL067897 (2016)
★ reprint from journal (open access).
331. M. Lockwood, C.J. Scott, M.J. Owens, L.A. Barnard and D.M. Willis
► Tests of sunspot number sequences: 1. Using ionosonde data
Sol. Phys., 291, 2785 2809, doi: 10.1007/s11207-016-0855-8 (2016)
★ reprint from journal (open access).
330. I. G. Usoskin, G.A. Kovaltsov, M. Lockwood, K. Mursula, M.J. Owens, and S.K. Solanki
► A new calibrated sunspot group series since 1749: statistics of active day fractions
Sol. Phys., 291, 2685 2708, doi: 10.1007/s11207-015-0838-1 (2016)
★ preprint from journal (open access)
329. M. Lockwood, M.J. Owens, L.A. Barnard, and I.G. Usoskin
► Tests of sunspot number sequences: 3. Effects of regression procedures on the calibration of historic sunspot data
Sol. Phys., 291, 2829 2841, doi: 10.1007/s11207-015-0829-2 (2016)
★ reprint from journal (open access).
2015
328. M.J. Owens, C.J. Scott, A.J. Bennett, S.R. Thomas, M. Lockwood, and R.G. Harrison
► Lightning as a space‐weather hazard: UK thunderstorm activity modulated by the passage of the
heliospheric current sheet
Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 9624 9632, doi:10.1002/2015GL066802 (2015)
★ reprint from journal.
327. L. Barnard, C.J. Scott, M. Owens, M. Lockwood, S.R. Crothers, J.A.Davies, R.A. Harrison
► Differences between the CME fronts tracked by an expert, an automated algorithm and the
Solar Stormwatch project
Space Weather, 13, doi: 10.1002/2015SW001280, 2015
★ reprint from journal.
326. A. C. Maycock, S. Ineson, L. J. Gray, A. A. Scaife, J. A. Anstey, M. Lockwood,
N. Butchart, S. C. Hardiman, D. M. Mitchell, and S. M. Osprey
► Possible impacts of a future Grand Solar Minimum on climate: Stratospheric
and global circulation changes
J. Geophys. Res. (Atmos.), 120, 9043 9058, doi: 10.1002/2014JD022022, 2015
★ reprint from journal.
325. M.J. Owens, M. Lockwood, L. Barnard, K. McCracken
► The heliospheric Hale cycle over the last 300 years and its implications for
a "lost" late 18th century solar cycle
J. Space Weather Space Clim., 5, A30, 2015, doi: 10.1051/swsc/2015032, 2015
★ reprint from journal.
324. I. G. Usoskin, R. Arlt, E. Asvestari, E. Hawkins, M. Käpylä, G.A. Kovaltsov,
N. Krivova, M. Lockwood, K. Mursula, J.
O'Reilly, M. Owens, C. J. Scott, D. D. Sokoloff,
S. K. Solanki, W. Soon, and J. M. Vaquero
► The Maunder minimum (1645-1715) was indeed a Grand minimum: A reassessment of multiple
datasets
Astron. and Astophys., 581, A95, doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201526652, 2015
★ preprint from arXiv
323. Q. H. Zhang, M. Lockwood, J.C. Foster, S. R. Zhang, B. C. Zhang,
I.W. McCrea, J. Moen, M. Lester and J.M. Ruohoniemi
►Direct observations of the full Dungey convection cycle in the polar ionosphere for
southward interplanetary magnetic field conditions
J. Geophys. Res. (Space), 120 (6), 4519‐4530, doi: 10.1002/2015JA021172, 2015
★ reprint from journal.
322. L. Barnard C.J. Scott, M.J. Owens, M. Lockwood, K. Tucker‐Hood, J. Wilkinson,
B. Harder, and E. Baeten
►Solar Stormwatch: tracking solar eruptions
Astron. and Geophys., 56 (4), 4.20‐4.24, doi:10.1093/astrogeo/atv131, 2015
321. M. Lockwood and L. Barnard
►An arch in the UK: a new catalogue of auroral observations made in the British Isles and Ireland
Astron. and Geophys., 56 (4), 4.25‐4.30, doi: 10.1093/astrogeo/atv132, 2015
320. C. Huntingford, T. Marsh, A.A. Scaife, E.J. Kendon, J. Hannaford,
A.L. Kay, M. Lockwood, C. Prudhomme, N.S. Reynard, S. Parry, J.A. Lowe,
J.A. Screen, H.C. Ward, M. Roberts, P.A. Stott, V.A. Bell, M. Bailey,
A. Jenkins, T. Legg, F.E.L. Otto, N. Massey, N. Schaller, J. Slingo and M.R. Allen
Reply to "Drivers of the 2013/14 winter floods in the UK"
Nature Climate Change, 5 (6), 491‐492, doi: 10.1038/nclimate2613, 2015
319. S. Ineson, A.C. Maycock, L. J. Gray, A.A. Scaife, N.J.
Dunstone, J.W. Harder, J.R. Knight, M. Lockwood, J.C. Manners and
R.A. Wood
►Regional Climate Impacts of a Possible Future Grand Solar Minimum
Nature Communications, 6, Article number 7535, doi: 10.1038/ncomms8535, 2015
★ reprint from journal.
318. D. Frühauff, K.‐H. Glaßmeier, M. Lockwood and D. Heyner
Extracting planetary waves from geomagnetic time series using Empirical Mode Decomposition
J. Atmos. and Sol.‐Terr. Phys., 129, 6‐12. doi: 10.1016/j.jastp.2015.04.002, 2015
317. P. Riley, R. Lionello, J. A. Linker, E. Cliver, A. Balogh, J. Beer,
P. Charbonneau, N. Crooker, M. DeRosa, M. Lockwood, M. Owens, K. McCracken, I. Usoskin, S. Koutchmy
Inferring the Structure of the Solar Corona and Inner Heliosphere During the Maunder Minimum using Global Thermodynamic MHD Simulations
Astrophys. J., 802, 105 (14pp), doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/802/2/105, 2015
316. K. Aplin and M. Lockwood
Further considerations of cosmic ray modulation of infra‐red radiation in the atmosphere
Astroparticle Physics, 68, 52 60, doi: 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2015.03.001, 2015
315. S.R. Thomas, M.J. Owens, and M. Lockwood, L. Barnard, C.J. Scott
►Near‐earth cosmic ray decreases associated with remote coronal mass ejections
Astrophys. J., 801(5) (8pp), doi:10.1088/0004-637X/801/1/5, 2015
2014
314. L. Barnard, C.J. Scott, M.J. Owens, M. Lockwood, K. Tucker‐Hood, S. Thomas, S.R. Crothers,
J. Davies, R. Harrison, C. Lintott, A. Smith, R. Simpson, N. Waterson, J. O'Donnell, S. Bamford, F. Romeo,
M. Kukula, N. Savani, J. Wilkinson, E. Baeten, L. Poeffel, and B. Harder
►The Solar Stormwatch CME catalogue: Results from the first space weather citizen science project
Space Weather, 12, 657 674, doi: 10.1002/2014SW001119, 2014
★ reprint from journal.
313. M.J. Owens, C.J. Scott, M. Lockwood, L. Barnard, R.G. Harrison,
K. Nicoll, C. Watt, and A.J. Bennett
► Modulation of UK lightning by heliospheric magnetic field polarity
Environ. Res. Lett., 9, article # 115009 (6pp), doi:10.1088/1748-9326/9/11/115009, 2014
★ reprint from journal
312. S.R. Thomas, M.J. Owens, and M. Lockwood
► Galactic Cosmic Rays in the Heliosphere
Astron. & Geophys., 55 (5), 5.23‐5.25, doi:10.1093/astrogeo/atu214, 2014
311. C. Huntingford, T. Marsh, A.A. Scaife, E.J. Kendon, J. Hannaford,
A.L. Kay, M. Lockwood, C. Prudhomme, N.S. Reynard, S. Parry, J.A. Lowe,
J.A. Screen, H.C. Ward, M. Roberts, P.A. Stott, V.A. Bell, M. Bailey,
A. Jenkins, T. Legg, F.E.L. Otto, N. Massey, N. Schaller, J. Slingo and M.R. Allen
►Potential influences in the United Kingdom's floods of winter 2013/14
Nature Climate Change, 4, 769 777, doi: 10.1038/NCLIMATE2314, 2014
★ reprint from journal
310. M. Lockwood, and M.J. Owens
► Centennial variations in sunspot number, open solar flux and streamer belt width: 3. Modelling
J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 119 (7), 5193 5209, doi: 10.1002/2014JA019973, 2014
★ reprint from journal.
309. M. Lockwood, M.J. Owens, and L. Barnard
►Centennial variations in sunspot number, open solar flux and streamer belt width:
2. Comparison with geomagnetic data
J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 119 (7), 5183 5192, doi: 10.1002/2014JA019972, 2014
★ reprint from journal.
308. M. Lockwood, M.J. Owens, and L. Barnard
► Centennial variations in sunspot number, open solar flux and streamer belt width: 1.
Correction of the sunspot number record since 1874
J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 119 (7), 5172 5182, doi: 10.1002/2014JA019970, 2014
★ reprint from journal.
307. C.J. Scott, R.G. Harrison, M.J. Owens, M. Lockwood, and L. Barnard
► Evidence for solar wind modulation of lightning .
Env. Res. Lett., 9, 055004, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/9/5/055004, 2014
★ reprint from journal.
306. S.R. Thomas, M.J. Owens, M. Lockwood and C.J. Scott
►Galactic Cosmic Ray Modulation near the Heliospheric Current Sheet
Sol. Phys., 289 (7), 2653‐2668, doi: 10.1007/s11207-014-0493-y, 2014
305. M. Lockwood, H. Nevanlinna, L. Barnard, M.J. Owens, R.G. Harrison, A.P. Rouillard,
and C.J. Scott
► Reconstruction of Geomagnetic Activity and Near‐Earth Interplanetary Conditions over the Past 167 Years:
4. Near‐Earth Solar Wind Speed, IMF, and Open Solar Flux
Annales. Geophys., 32, 383‐399, doi:10.5194/angeo-32-383-2014, 2014
★ reprint from journal.
► supplementary data file (ascii text)
(contains IMF, solar wind speed and OSF reconstructions for 1845‐2012, with full 2σ uncertainties computed using a Monte‐Carlo technique,
plus the IDV(1d) and corrected aa geomagnetic indices)
304. M. Lockwood, H. Nevanlinna, M. Vokhmyanin, D. Ponyavin, S. Sokolov, L. Barnard, M.J. Owens, R.
G. Harrison, A.P. Rouillard, and C.J. Scott
► Reconstruction of Geomagnetic Activity and Near‐Earth Interplanetary Conditions over the Past 167 Years:
3. Improved representation of solar cycle 11
Annales. Geophys., 32, 367‐381, doi:10.5194/angeo-32-367-2014, 2014
★ reprint from journal.
303. M.J. Owens, N.U. Crooker, and M. Lockwood
► Solar cycle evolution of dipolar and pseudostreamer belts and their relation to the slow solar wind
. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 119, doi:10.1002/2013JA019412, 2014
302. M. Lockwood and M.J. Owens
► Implications of the recent low solar minimum for the solar wind during the Maunder minimum
Astrophys. J. Lett., 781:L7, doi:10.1088/2041-8205/781/1/L7, 2014
2013
301. M. Lockwood, L. Barnard, H. Nevanlinna, M.J. Owens, R.G. Harrison, A.P. Rouillard, and C.J. Davis
► Reconstruction of geomagnetic activity and near-Earth interplanetary conditions over the past 167 yr -
Part 2: A new reconstruction of the interplanetary magnetic field
Annales Geophysicae, 31, 1979‐1992, doi:10.5194/angeo-31-1979-2013, 2013
★ reprint from journal
300. M. Lockwood, L. Barnard, H. Nevanlinna, M.J. Owens, R.G. Harrison, A.P. Rouillard, and C.J. Davis
► Reconstruction of geomagnetic activity and near-Earth interplanetary conditions over the past 167 yr - Part 1:
A new geomagnetic data composite
Annales Geophysicae, 31, 1957‐1977, doi:10.5194/angeo-31-1957-2013, 2013
★reprint from journal.
299. M. Lockwood
Solar Induced Climate Effects
in Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology
ed. Robert Meyers, Springer, 2013. ISBN 978-0-387-89469-0
298. M. Lockwood
► Reconstruction and Prediction of Variations in the Open Solar Magnetic Flux and Interplanetary Conditions
Living Reviews in Solar Physics, 10, 4, 2013. doi: 10.12942/lrsp-2013-4
★ reprint from journal.
297. Q. H. Zhang, B. C. Zhang, J. Moen, M. Lockwood, I. W. McCrea, H. G. Yang, H. Q. Hu,
R. Y. Liu, S. R. Zhang and M. Lester
► Polar cap patch segmentation of the tongue of ionization in the morning convection cell
Geophys. Res. Lett., 40(12), 2918 2922 doi: 10.1002/grl.50616, 2013
296. S.R. Thomas, M.J. Owens and M. Lockwood
► The 22-Year Hale Cycle in Cosmic Ray Flux - Evidence for Direct Heliospheric Modulation
Sol. Phys., 286 (1), 407‐421, doi: 10.1007/s11207-013-0341-5, 2013.
295. M.J. Owens, N.U. Crooker, and M. Lockwood
► Solar origin of heliospheric magnetic field inversions: Evidence for coronal magnetic loop opening within
pseudostreamers
J. Geophys. Res., 118 (5), 1868 1879, 2013. doi: 10.1002/jgra.50259, 2013
294. M. Lockwood and M.J. Owens
► Comment on "What causes the flux excess in the heliospheric magnetic field?" by E.J. Smith
J. Geophys. Res., 118 (5), 1880 1887, 2013. doi: 10.1002/jgra50223, 2013
293. Q. H. Zhang, B. C. Zhang, M. Lockwood, H. Q. Hu, J. Moen, J.M. Ruohoniemi, E.G. Thomas,
S. R. Zhang, H. G. Yang, R. Y. Liu, K.A. McWilliams, and J.B.H. Baker
Direct Observations of the Evolution of
Polar Cap Ionization Patches
Science, 339, 1597‐1600, 2013. doi: 10.1126/science.1231487, 2013
★ reprint from journal
292. K. L. Aplin and M. Lockwood
►Cosmic ray modulation of infra‐red radiation in the atmosphere
Environ. Res. Lett., 8, 015026, 2013. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/015026, 2013
2012
291. M.J. Owens, M. Lockwood and I. Usoskin
► Heliospheric modulation of galactic cosmic rays during grand solar minima: Past and future variations
Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L19102, 2012. doi:10.1029/2012GL053151, 2012;
290. Zhang, Q.‐H. M.W. Dunlop, M. Lockwood, B. Lavraud, Y.V. Bogdanova, H. Hasegawa,H.‐G. Yang,
R.‐Y. Liu, H.‐Q. Hu, B.‐C. Zhang, Z.‐Y. Pu, Z.‐W. Yang, J. Wang, M.G.G.T. Taylor, J. Berchem, D. Constantinescu, M. Volwerk, H. Frey, A. N. Fazakerley, C. Shen, J.‐K. Shi, D. Sibeck, P. Escoubet, and J. A. Wild
► Inner plasma structure of the low‐latitude reconnection layer
J. Geophys. Res., 117, A08205, 2012. doi:10.1029/2012JA017622, 2012
289. M. Lockwood, M.J. Owens, L. Barnard, C.J. Davis and S. Thomas
► Solar cycle 24: What is the Sun up to?
Astron & Geophys, 53 (3), 3.09 3.15, 2012. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-4004.2012.53309.x, 2012
288. M. Lockwood
► Solar Influence on Global and Regional Climate
Surveys in Geophysics, 33 (3), 503‐534, doi: 10.1007/s10712-012-9181-3, 2012
★ reprint from journal
287. M.J. Owens and M. Lockwood
► Cyclic loss of open solar flux since 1868: The link to heliospheric current sheet tilt and
implications for the Maunder Minimum
J. Geophys. Res., 117, A04102, doi:10.1029/2011JA017193, 2012.
286. C. J. Davis, J. A. Davies, M. J. Owens, and M. Lockwood
► Predicting the arrival of high‐speed solar wind streams at Earth using the
STEREO Heliospheric Imagers
Space Weather ‐ The International Journal of Research and Applications , 10, S02003, doi: 10.1029/2011SW000737, 2012
285. G.S. Jones, M. Lockwood, and P.A. Stott
► What influence will future solar activity changes over the 21st century have on projected
global near surface temperature changes?
J. Geophys. Res. (Atmos.), 117, D05103, doi:10.1029/2011JD017013, 2012;
2011
284. M. Lockwood, M.J. Owens, L. Barnard, C.J. Davis, and F. Steinhilber
► The Persistence of Solar Activity Indicators and the Descent of the Sun into Maunder Minimum Conditions
Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L22105, doi:10.1029/2011GL049811, 2011;
283. M.J. Owens, M. Lockwood, L. Barnard, and C.J. Davis
► Solar cycle 24: Implications for energetic particles and the probability of a new Maunder Minimum
Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L19106, doi:10.1029/2011GL049328, 2011
282. Q.‐H. Zhang, M. W. Dunlop, M. Lockwood, R. Holme, Y. Kamide, W. Baumjohann, H.‐G. Yang, E. E. Woodfield, H.‐Q. Hu, B.‐C. Zhang, and S.‐L. Liu
► The distribution of the ring current: Cluster observations
Annales Geophys., 29, 1655 1662, doi:10.5194/angeo-29-1655-2011, 2011
281. R.G. Harrison, M.H.P. Ambaum and M. Lockwood
► Cloud base height and cosmic rays
Proc. R. Soc. A, 467, 2777‐2791, doi: 10.1098/rspa.2011.0040, 2011
280. M. Lockwood
► Was spectral solar irradiance lower during the recent low sunspot minimum?
J. Geophys. Res. (Atmospheres), 116, D16103, doi:10.1029/2010JD014746, 2011
279. L. Barnard, M. Lockwood, M.A. Hapgood, M.J. Owens, C.J. Davis, and F. Steinhilber
► Predicting Space Climate Change
Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L16103, doi:10.1029/2011GL048489, 2011
278. M.W. Dunlop, Q.‐H. Zhang, Y.V. Bogdanova, M. Lockwood, Z. Pu, H. Hasegawa, J. Wang, M.G.G.T. Taylor, J. Berchem, B. Lavraud, J. Eastwood, M. Volverk, C. Shen, J.‐K. Shi, D. Constantinescu, H. Frey, A.N. Fazakerley, D. Sibeck, P. Escoubet, J.A. Wild and Z.‐X. Liu
► Extended Magnetic Reconnection across the Dayside Magnetopause
Phys. Rev. Lett., 107 (2), 025004, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.025004, 2011
277. M. Lockwood, R.G. Harrison, M.J. Owens, L. Barnard, T. Woollings, and F. Steinhilber
► The solar influence on the probability of relatively cold UK winters in the future
Environ. Res. Lett., 6, 034004, doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/6/3/034004, 2011
276. M. Lockwood
► Shining a light on solar impacts
Nature Climate Change, 1, 98‐99, doi:10.1038/nclimate1096, 2011
275. Q.‐H. Zhang, B.;‐C. Zhang, R.‐Y. Liu, M. W. Dunlop, M. Lockwood, J. Moen, H.‐G. Yang, H.‐Q. Hu, Z.‐J. Hu, S.‐L. Liu, I. W. McCrea, M. Lester
► On the importance of IMF |BY| on polar cap patch formation
J. Geophys. Res., 116, A05308, doi:10.1029/2010JA016287, 2011
274. M.J. Owens, N.U. Crooker, and M. Lockwood
► How is open solar magnetic flux lost over the solar cycle?
J. Geophys. Res., 116, A04111, doi: 10.1029/2010JA016039, 2011
273. M. Lockwood, and M.J. Owens
► Centennial changes in the heliospheric magnetic field and open solar flux: the consensus view from geomagnetic data and
cosmogenic isotopes and its implications
J. Geophys. Res., 116, A04109, doi:10.1029/2010JA016220, 2011
272. L. Barnard and M. Lockwood
► A survey of gradual solar energetic particle events
J. Geophys. Res., 116, A05103, doi:10.1029/2010JA016133, 2011
2010
271. Q.H. Zhang, M.W. Dunlop, M. Lockwood, R.Y. Liu, H.Q. Hu , H.G. Yang, Z.J. Hu, Y.V. Bogdanova, C. Shen, , B.C. Zhang, D.S. Han, and I. W. McCrea
► Simultaneous observations of reconnection pulses at Cluster and their effects on the cusp aurora
seen at Chinese Yellow River Station
J. Geophys. Res., 115, A10237, doi:10.1029/2010JA015526, 2010
270. L.J. Gray, J. Beer, M. Geller, J.D. Haigh, M. Lockwood, K. Matthes, U. Cubasch, D. Fleitmann, R.G. Harrison, L. Hood, J. Luterbacher, N. Marsh, D. Shindell, B. van Geel, W. White
► Solar Influences on Climate
Rev. Geophys., 48, RG4001, doi:10.1029/2009RG000282, 2010
★ reprint from journal
269. T. Woollings, M. Lockwood, G. Masato, C. Bell and L. Gray
► Enhanced signature of solar variability in Eurasian winter climate
Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L20805, doi:10.1029/2010GL044601, 2010
268. J. Duplissy, M. B. Enghoff, K. L. Aplin, F. Arnold, H. Aufmhoff, M. Avngaard, U. Baltensperger,
T. Bondo, R. Bingham, K. Carslaw, J. Curtius, A. David, B. Fastrup, S. Gagné, F. Hahn, R. G. Harrison,
B. Kellett, J. Kirkby, M. Kulmala, L. Laakso, A. Laaksonen, E. Lillestol, M. Lockwood, J. Mäkelä, V. Makhmutov,
N. D. Marsh, T. Nieminen, A. Onnela, E. Pedersen, J. O. P. Pedersen, J. Polny, U. Reichl, J. H. Seinfeld,
M. Sipilä, Y. Stozhkov, F. Stratmann, H. Svensmark, J. Svensmark, R. Veenhof, B. Verheggen, Y. Viisanen, P.
E. Wagner, G. Wehrle, E. Weingartner, H. Wex, M. Wilhelmsson, and P. M. Winkler
► Results from the CERN pilot CLOUD experiment
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1635‐1647, doi:10.5194/acp-10-1635-2010, 2010
267. M. Lockwood, C. Bell, T. Woollings, R.G. Harrison, L.J. Gray, and J.D. Haigh
► Top‐down solar modulation of climate: evidence for centennial‐scale change
Environ. Res. Lett., 5, 034008, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/5/3/034008, 2010
★ reprint from journal
266. M. Lockwood, R.G. Harrison,T. Woollings, and S.K. Solanki
► Are cold winters in Europe associated with low solar activity?
Environ. Res. Lett., 5, 024001, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/024001, 2010
★ reprint from journal
265. A.P. Rouillard, B. Lavraud, J.A. Davies, L.F. Burlaga, N.P. Savani, R.J. Forsyth,
J.‐A. Sauvaud, A. Opitz, M. Lockwood, J.G. Luhmann, K.D.C. Simunac, A.B. Galvin, C.J. Davis,
R.A. Harrison
► Intermittent release of small‐scale transients in the slow solar wind: II, In‐situ evidence
J. Geophys. Res., 115, A04104, doi:10.1029/2009JA014472, 2010
264. A.P. Rouillard, J.A. Davies, B. Lavraud, R.J. Forsyth, N.P. Savani, D. Bewsher, D.S. Brown,
N.R. Sheeley, C.J. Davis, R.A. Harrison, M. Lockwood, S.R. Crothers, C.J. Eyles
► Intermittent release of small‐scale transients in the slow solar wind: I, Remote sensing observations
J. Geophys. Res., 115, A04103, doi:10.1029/2009JA014471, 2010
263. M. Lockwood
► Solar change and climate: an update in the light of the current exceptional solar minimum
Proc. R. Soc. A, 466 303 329, doi:10.1098/rspa.2009.0519, 2010
2009
262. M. Lockwood, A.P. Rouillard, and I.D. Finch
► The rise and fall of open solar flux during the current grand solar maximum
Ap. J., 700 (2), 937‐944, doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/700/2/937, 2009
261. M. Lockwood and M. Owens
► The accuracy of using the Ulysses result of the spatial invariance of the radial heliospheric
field to compute the open solar flux
Ap. J., 701 (2), 964‐973, doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/701/2/964, 2009
260. M. Lockwood, M. Owens, and A.P. Rouillard
► Excess Open Solar Magnetic Flux from Satellite Data: II. A survey of kinematic effects
J. Geophys. Res., 114, A11104, doi: 10.1029/2009JA014450, 2009
259. M. Lockwood, M. Owens, and A.P. Rouillard
► Excess Open Solar Magnetic Flux from Satellite Data: I. Analysis of the 3rd Perihelion Ulysses Pass
J. Geophys. Res., 114, A11103, doi:10.1029/2009JA014449, 2009
258. A.P. Rouillard, J.A. Davies, R.J. Forsyth, N.P. Savani, N.R. Sheeley, A. Thernisien, T.‐L. Zhang, R.A. Howard, B. Anderson, C.M. Carr, S. Tsang, M. Lockwood, C.J. Davis, R.A. Harrison, D. Bewsher, M. Fraenz, S.R. Crothers, C.J. Eyles, D.S. Brown, I. Whittaker, M. Hapgood, A.J. Coates, G.H. Jones, M. Grande, R.A. Frahm, and J.D. Winningham
► A solar storm observed from the Sun to Venus using the STEREO, Venus Express, and MESSENGER spacecraft
J. Geophys.Research, 114, A07106, doi:10.1029/2008JA014034
257. H.T. Cai, I.W. McCrea, M.W. Dunlop, J.A. Davies, Y. V. Bogdanova, F. Pitout, S.E. Milan, M. Lockwood, and S.Y. Ma
► Cusp observations during a sequence of fast IMF B‐Z reversals
Annales Geophys., 27 (7), 2721‐2737,doi: 10.5194/angeo-27-2721-2009, 2009
256. H.T. Cai, S.Y. Ma, I.W. McCrea, M. J.A. Davies, M. Lockwood, and S.E. Milan
Polar ionospheric responses to 4‐times rapid turnings of the IMF B‐z component‐EISCAT/ESR radar observations
Chinese Journal of Geophysics‐Chinese Edition, 52 (7), 1685‐1692, doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2009.07.002, 2009
255. C.J.Davis, J.A. Davies, M. Lockwood, A.P. Rouillard, C.J. Eyles, and R.A. Harrison
► Stereoscopic imaging of an Earth‐impacting solar coronal mass ejection: A major milestone
for the STEREO mission
Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L08102, doi:10.1029/2009GL038021, 2009
254. A.P. Rouillard, N.P. Savani, J.A. Davies, B. Lavraud, R.J. Forsyth, S.K. Morley, A. Opitz,
N.R. Sheeley, L.F. Burlaga, J.‐A. Sauvaud, K.D.C. Simunac, J.G. Luhmann, A.B. Galvin,
S.R. Crothers, C.J. Davis, R.A. Harrison, M. Lockwood, C.J. Eyles, D. Bewsher, D.S. Brown
► A Multispacecraft Analysis of a Small‐Scale Transient Entrained by Solar Wind Streams
Solar Phys., 256(1/2), 307‐326, doi:10.1007/s11207-009-9329-6, 2009
253. M. Lockwood, M.R. Hairston, I.D. Finch, and A.P. Rouillard
► Transpolar voltage and polar cap flux during the substorm cycle and steady convection events
J. Geophys. Res., 114, A01210, doi:10.1029/2008JA013697, 2009
2008
252. S. J. Ham, H. Lee, J. M. Lee, M. Lockwood et al.
Stray light analysis of SALEX instrument
Proc. S. P. I. E. 7069, L690‐L690, doi:10.1117/12.794505, 2008
251. I. D. Finch, M. Lockwood, A. P. Rouillard
► The effects of solar wind magnetosphere coupling recorded at different geomagnetic latitudes:
separation of directly‐driven and storage/release systems
Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L21105, doi:10.1029/2008GL035399, 2008
250. J.M. Sullivan, M. Lockwood, B. S. Lanchester, E. P. Kontar, N. Ivchenko, H. Dahlgren, and D. K. Whiter
► An optical study of multiple NEIAL events driven by low energy electron precipitation
Annales Geophys. 26, 2435 2447, doi: 10.5194/angeo-26-2435-2008, 2008
249. A. P Rouillard,. J. A. Davies, R. J. Forsyth, A. Rees, C. J. Davis, R. A. Harrison, M. Lockwood, D. Bewsher, S. R. Crothers, C. J. Eyles, M. Hapgood and C. H. Perry
► First imaging of corotating interaction regions using the STEREO spacecraft
Geophys. Res. Lett., 35 (10), Article Number: L10110, doi: 10.1029/2008GL033767, 2008
248. M. Lockwood
► Recent changes in solar outputs and the global mean surface temperature. III. Analysis of contributions
to global mean air surface temperature rise
Proc. Roy. Soc. A, 464 (2094) , 1387‐1404, doi: 10.1098/rspa.2007.0348, 2008
247. M. Lockwood, and C. Frölich
► Recent oppositely directed trends in solar climate forcings and the global mean surface air
temperature. II. Different reconstructions of the total solar irradiance variation and dependence on response time scale
Proc. Roy. Soc. A, 464 (2094) , 1367‐1385, doi: 10.1098/rspa.2007.0347, 2008
2007
246. C.M. Carr, T.S. Horbury, A. Balogh, S.D. Bale, W. Baumjohann, B. Bavassano, A. Breen, D. Burgess, P.J. Cargill, N. Crooker, G. Erdõs, L. Fletcher, R.J. Forsyth, J. Giacalone, K.‐H. Glassmeier, J. T. Hoeksema, M.L. Goldstein, M. Lockwood, W. Magnes, M. Maksimovic, E.
Marsch, W. H. Matthaeus, N. Murphy, V. M. Nakariakov, J.R. Pacheco, J.‐L. Pincon, P. Riley, C.T. Russell, S. J. Schwartz, A. Szabo, M. Thompson, R. Vainio, M. Velli, S. Vennerstrom, R. Walsh, R. Wimmer‐Schweingruber, G. Zank
► A magnetometer for the Solar Orbiter mission
in "The Second Solar Orbiter Workshop", ed. L. Conroy, ESA Special Publication, ESA‐SP‐641, p. 41‐47, 2007
245. M. Lockwood
► Fly me to the Moon?
Nature Physics, 3, 669‐671, doi: 10.1038/nphys733, 2007
244. E. Priest, M. Lockwood, S. Solanki, and A. Wolfendale
► Does the sun affect the Earth's climate?
Astron. and Geophys., 48 (3), 3‐7, doi: 10.1111/j.1468-4004.2007.48307.x, 2007
243. M. Lockwood, and M.A. Hapgood
► The rough guide to the Moon and Mars
Astron. And Geophys., 48, 11‐17, doi: 10.1111/j.1468-4004.2007.48611.x, 2007
242. M. Lockwood, and C. Frölich
► Recent oppositely directed trends in solar climate forcings and the global mean surface air temperature
Proc. Roy. Soc. A, 463 , 2447‐2460, doi:10.1098/rspa.2007.1880, 2007
241. A.P. Rouillard, and M. Lockwood
► The latitudinal effect of co‐rotating interaction regions on galactic cosmic rays
Solar Phys., 245, 191‐206, doi: 10.1007/s11207-007-9019-1, 2007
240. A.P. Rouillard, and M. Lockwood
► Centennial changes in solar activity and the response of galactic cosmic rays
Adv. Space Res., 40(7), 1078‐1086, doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2007.02.096, 2007
239. A.P. Rouillard, M. Lockwood, and I. Finch
► Centennial changes in the solar wind speed and in the open solar flux
J. Geophys. Res., 112, A05103, doi:10.1029/2006JA012130, 2007
238. I. Finch, and M. Lockwood
► Solar wind‐magnetosphere coupling functions on timescales of 1 day to 1 year
Annales Geophys., 25, 495‐506, doi: 10.5194/angeo-25-495-2007, 2007
2006
237. M.W. Dunlop, M. G. G. T. Taylor, J. A. Davies, Z. Pu, A.N. Fazakerley, C.J. Owen, Y. V. Bogdanova, F. Pitout, H. Laakso, Q.‐G. Zong, C. Shen, K. Nykyri, B. Lavraud, S. E. Milan, Z.‐X. Liu, C. P. Escoubet, H. Rème, C. M. Carr, P. Cargill, T. D. Phan, M. Lockwood and B. Sonnerup,
► Comparative Cluster/Double Star Observations of the High and Low Latitude Dayside Magnetopause
Proc. Cluster and Double Star Symposium, 5th Anniv. of Cluster in Space, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, September 2005, Ed. K. Fletcher.
ESA SP‐598, pp 19‐23, European Space Agency Publications, ESTEC, 2006
236. M. Lockwood
► What do cosmogenic isotopes tell us about past solar forcing of climate?
Space Sci. Rev., 125, 95‐109, doi: 10.1007/s11214-006-9049-2, 2006
235. J.M. Sullivan, N. Ivchenko M.Lockwood, T.Grydeland, E.M. Blixt, and B.S. Lanchester
► Phase calibration of the EISCAT Svalbard Radar interferometer using optical satellite signatures
Annales Geophys., 24, 2419 2427, doi: 10.5194/angeo-24-2419-2006, 2006
234. J.A. Davies, M.W. Dunlop, C.H. Perry, M. Lockwood, I. Alexeev, M.G.G.T. Taylor, A.N. Fazakerley, C.J. Owen, A. Marchaudon, R.H.W. Friedel, X.H. Deng, M. Grande, and P.W. Daly
► Energetic Electron Signatures in an Active Magnetotail Plasma Sheet
Adv. Space Res., 38(8), 1608‐1614, doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2006.02.012, 2006
233. M.Lockwood, A.P. Rouillard, I.D. Finch, and R. Stamper
► Comment on "The IDV index: its derivation and use in inferring long‐term variations
of the interplanetary magnetic field strength" by Svalgaard and Cliver
J. Geophys. Res., 111, A09109, doi:10.1029/2006JA011640, 2006
232. S. K. Morley and M. Lockwood
► A numerical model of the ionospheric signatures of time‐varying magnetic reconnection: 3.
Quasi‐instantaneous convection responses in the Cowley‐Lockwood paradigm
Annales Geophys., 24, 961 972, doi: 10.5194/angeo-24-961-2006, 2006
231. M. Lockwood, K. Throp, B.S. Lanchester, S.K. Morley, S.E. Milan, M. Lester, and H. U. Frey
► Modelling the observed proton aurora and ionospheric convection responses to changes in the IMF
field clock angle: 2. The persistence of ionospheric convection
J. Geophys. Res., 111, A02306, doi:10.1029/2003JA010307, 2006
2005
230. H. Lee, S.‐W. Kim, A. Richards, I. Tosh, N. Morris, and M. Lockwood,
Stray‐light analysis of Amon‐Ra instrument
Optical Modeling and Performance Predictions II, Edited by M.A. Kahan,
Proc. S.P.I.E., 5678, 46‐57, doi: 10.1117/12.639585, 2005
229. M.W. Dunlop, M.G.G. T. Taylor, J.A. Davies, C. J. Owen, F. Pitout, A. N. Fazakerley, Z. Pu, H. Laakso, Y. V. Bogdanova, Q.‐G. Zong, C. Shen, K. Nykyri, B. Lavraud, S. E. Milan, T. D. Phan, H. Rème, C. P. Escoubet, C. M. Carr, P. Cargill, M. Lockwood, and B. Sonnerup
► Coordinated Cluster/Double Star observations of dayside reconnection signatures
Annales Geophys., 23, 2867 2875,doi: 10.5194/angeo-23-2867-2005, 2005
228. K. Throp, M. Lockwood, B. S. Lanchester, S. K. Morley, and H. U. Frey
► Modeling the observed proton aurora and ionospheric convection responses to changes in the IMF clock
angle: 1. Persistence of cusp proton aurora
J. Geophys. Res., 110, A12311, doi: 10.1029/2003JA010306, 2005
227. M. Lockwood, J.A. Davies, J. Moen, A. P. van Eyken, K. Oksavik, I.W McCrea and M.E. Lester
► Motion of the dayside polar cap boundary during substorm cycles: II. Generation of
poleward‐moving events and polar cap patches by pulses in the magnetopause reconnection rate
Annales Geophys, 23, 3513 3532, doi: 10.5194/angeo-23-3513-2005, 2005
226. M. Lockwood, J. Moen, A. P. van Eyken, J.A. Davies, K. Oksavik, and I.W McCrea,
► Motion of the dayside polar cap boundary during substorm cycles: I.
Observations of pulses in the magnetopause reconnection rate
Annales Geophys, 23, 3495 3511, doi: 10.5194/angeo-23-3495-2005, 2005
225. S. K. Morley and M. Lockwood
► A numerical model of the ionospheric signatures of time‐varying magnetic
reconnection: II. Measuring expansions in the ionospheric flow response
Annales Geophys. , 23, 2501‐2510, doi: 10.5194/angeo-23-2501-2005, 2005
224. H. Lee, I. Tosh, N. Morris, M. Lockwood and S‐W. Kim,
The optomechanical design of Amon‐Ra instrument,
Electronic Imaging and Multimedia Technology IV, Edited by C.‐S. Li and M. M. Yeung,
Proc. S.P.I.E., 5638, 248‐261, doi: 10.1117/12.573624, 2005
2004
223. T. J. Stubbs, P. J. Cargill, M. Lockwood, M. Grande, B. J. Kellett, and C. H. Perry
► Extended cusp‐like regions and their dependence on the Polar orbit, seasonal variations,
and interplanetary conditions
J. Geophys. Res., 109, A09210, doi: 10.1029/2003JA010163, 2004
222. A. Rouillard and M. Lockwood,
► Oscillations in the open solar magnetic flux with period 1.68 years: imprint on galactic
cosmic rays and implications for heliospheric shielding
Annales, Geophys, 46, 22, 4381‐4395, doi: 10.5194/angeo-22-4381-2004, 2004
221. M. Lockwood,
► Solar Outputs, their variations and their effects of Earth
in “The Sun, Solar Analogs and the Climate” ,
Proc. Saas‐Fee Advanced Course, 34 by J.D. Haigh, M.Lockwood and M.S. Giampapa, eds. I. Rüedi, M. Güdel,
and W. Schmutz, pp107‐304, Springer, ISBN: 3-540-23856-5, 2004
220. J. Moen, M. Lockwood, K. Oskavik, H.C. Carlson, W.F. Denig, A.P. van Eyken, and I.W. McCrea
► The dynamics and relationships of precipitation, temperature and convection boundaries in the
dayside auroral oval
Annales Geophys., 22, 1‐15, doi: 10.5194/angeo-22-1973-2004, 2004
219. M. Lockwood and S.E. Morley,
► A numerical model of the ionospheric signatures of time‐varying magnetic reconnection: I.
Ionospheric convection
Annales Geophys., 22, 73‐91, doi: 10.5194/angeo-22-73-2004, 2004
218. T. J. Stubbs, M. Lockwood, P. Cargill, M. Grande, B. Kellett, and C.H. Perry
► A comparison between ion characteristics observed by the POLAR and DMSP spacecraft in the high‐latitude
magnetosphere
Annales Geophys., 22, 1033‐1046, doi: 10.5194/angeo-22-1033-2004, 2004
217. M. Lockwood, R.B. Forsyth, A. Balogh, and D. J. McComas
► Open solar flux estimates from near‐Earth measurements of the interplanetary magnetic field:
comparison of the first two perihelion passes of the Ulysses spacecraft
Annales Geophys, 22, 1395‐1405, doi: 10.5194/angeo-22-1395-2004, 2004
2003
216. S.E. Morley and M. Lockwood,
► The dependence of cusp ion signatures on the reconnection rate
Annales Geophys., 21, 947 953, doi: 10.5194/angeo-21-947-2003, 2003
215. M. Lockwood , B.S. Lanchester , H. Frey , K. Throp, S. Morley, S.E. Milan, and M.E. Lester,
► IMF Control of Cusp Proton Emission Intensity and Dayside Convection: implications for
component and anti‐parallel reconnection
Annales Geophys., 21, 955 982, doi: 10.5194/angeo-21-955-2003 2003
214. M. Lockwood
► Twenty‐three cycles of changing open solar flux
J. Geophys. Res., 108(A3), 1128, doi: 10.1029/2002JA009431, 2003
2002
213. M. Lockwood
► Relationship between the near‐Earth interplanetary field and the coronal source flux:
Dependence on timescale
J. Geophys, Res., 107, doi. 10.1029/2001JA009062, 2002
212. E. E. Woodfield, J. A. Davies, M. Lester, T. K. Yeoman, P. Eglitis, and M. Lockwood
► Nightside studies of coherent HF Radar spectral width behaviour
Annales Geophysicae, 20, 1399 1413, doi: 10.5194/angeo-20-1399-2002, 2002
211. M. Lockwood
► Foreword by the Chairman of the EISCAT Council
Annales Geophysicae, 20, 1261 1262, 2002
210. D. H. Mackay, and M. Lockwood
► The Evolution of the Sun's Open magnetic Flux: II. Full solar cycle simulations
Solar Phys., 209(2), 287‐309, doi: 10.1023/A:1021230604497, 2002
209. D. H. Mackay, E. R. Priest, and M. Lockwood
► The Evolution of the Sun's Open Magnetic Flux: I. A Single Bipole
Solar Phys., 207(2), 291‐308, doi: 10.1023/A:1016249917230, 2002
208. J. A. Davies, T. K. Yeoman, I. J. Rae, S. E. Milan, M. Lester, M. Lockwood and K. A. McWilliams
► Ground‐based observations of the auroral zone and polar cap ionospheric responses to dayside
transient reconnection
Annales Geophys., 20, 781 794, doi: 10.5194/angeo-20-781-2002, 2002
207. M. Lockwood
► Long‐term variations in the open solar flux and links to variations in Earths climate
In “From Solar Min to Max: Half a solar cycle with SoHo”, Proc. SoHO 11 Symposium, Davos, Switzerland, March 2002, ESA‐SP‐508, pp 507‐522,
ESA Publications, Noordvijk, The Netherlands, 2002
206. M. Lockwood
► An evaluation of the correlation between open solar flux and total solar irradiance
Astron. and Astrophys., 382, 678‐687, doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20011666, 2002
2001
205. M. Lockwood
► Magnetosphere of Earth
In Encyclopedia of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Ed. P. Murdin, (8 pages), Nature publishing group & IOP Publishing,
doi: 10.1888/0333750888/2338, 2001
204. M. Lockwood
Long‐term variations in cosmic ray fluxes and total solar irradiance and global climate change
Proc. Workshop on Ion‐Aerosol‐Cloud Interactions, CERN, 18‐20th April 2001, ed. J. Kirkby, CERN Yellow Report,
CERN‐2001‐007 (ISSN 0007-8328, ISBN 92-9083-191-0), 2001
203. T. G. Onsager, J. D. Scudder, M. Lockwood, C. T. Russell
► Reconnection at the High‐Latitude Magnetopause During Northward IMF Conditions
J. Geophys. Res., 106, 25467‐25488, doi: 10.1029/2000JA000444, 2001
202. K. Kauristie, T. I. Pulkkinen, O. Amm, A. Viljanen, M. Syrjäsuo, P. Janhunen, S. Massetti, S. Orsini,
M. Candidi, J. Watermann, E. Donovan, P. Prikryl, I. R. Mann, P. Eglitis, C. Smith, W. F. Denig,
H. J. Opgenoorth, M. Lockwood, M. Dunlop, A. Vaivads, and M. André
► Ground‐based and satellite observations of high‐latitude auroral activity in the dusk sector of the auroral oval
Annales Geophys. , 19, 1683‐1696, doi: 10.5194/angeo-19-1683-2001, 2001
201. H. J. Opgenoorth, M. Lockwood, D. Alcayde, E. Donovan, M. J. Engebretson, A. P. van Eyken, K. Kauristie,
M.Lester, J. Moen, J. Waterman, H. Alleyne, M. André, M. W. Dunlop, N. Cornilleau‐Wehrlin, P. M. E. Decreau,
A. Fazerkerley, H. Reme, R. André, O. Amm, A. Balogh, R. Behlke, P.L. Blelly, H. Boholm, E. Borälv,
J.M. Bosqued, S. Buchert, M. Candidi, J.C. Cerisier, C. Cully, W.F. Denig, R. Doe, P.Eglitis,
R. A. Greenwald, B. Jackal, J. D. Kelly, Ian Krauklis, G. Lu, I. R. Mann, M.F. Marcucci, I. W. McCrea,
M. Maksimovic, S. Massetti, A. Masson, D. K. Milling, S. Orsini, F. Pitout, G. Provan, J. M. Ruohoniemi,
J. C Samson, J. J. Schott, F. Sedgemore‐Schulthess, R. Stamper, P. Stauning, A. Strömme, M. Taylor, A. Vaivads,
J. P. Villain, I. Voronkov, J. Wild, and M. Wild.
► Coordinated Ground‐Based, Low Altitude Satellite and Cluster Observations on Global and Local Scales
During a Transient Postnoon Sector Excursion of the Magnetospheric Cusp
Annales Geophys., 19, 1367‐1398, doi: 10.5194/angeo-19-1367-2001, 2001
200. M. Lockwood, A. Fazakerley, H. Opgenoorth, J. Moen, A.P. van Eyken, M. Dunlop, J.‐M. Bosqued, G. Lu,
C. Cully, P. Eglitis, I.W. McCrea, M.A. Hapgood , M.N. Wild, R. Stamper, W. Denig , M. Taylor,
J. Wild, G. Provan, O. Amm , K. Kauristie, T. Pulkkinen, A. Strömme, P. Prikryl, F. Pitout, A. Balogh, H. Rème,
R. Behlke, T. Hansen, R. Greenwald, H. Frey, S.K. Morley, D. Alcaydé, P.‐L. Blelly, E. Donovan,
M. Engebretson, M. Lester, J. Watermann, M.F. Marcucci
► Co‐ordinated Cluster and ground‐based instrument observations of transient changes in the magnetopause
boundary layer during an interval of predominantly northward IMF: relation to reconnection pulses and FTE signatures
Annales Geophys., 19, 1613‐1640, doi: 10.5194/angeo-19-1613-2001, 2001
199. M. Lockwood, H. Opgenoorth, A.P. van Eyken, A. Fazakerley, J.‐M. Bosqued, W. Denig, J. Wild, C. Cully,
R. Greenwald, G. Lu, O. Amm, H. Frey, A. Strömme, P. Prikryl, M.A. Hapgood, M.N. Wild, R. Stamper,
M. Taylor, I. McCrea, K. Kauristie, T. Pulkkinen, F. Pitout, A. Balogh, M. Dunlop, H. Rème, R. Behlke, T. Hansen,
G. Provan, P. Eglitis, S.K. Morley, D. Alcaydé, P.‐L. Blelly, J. Moen, E. Donovan, M. Engebretson,
M. Lester, J. Watermann, M.F. Marcucci
► Co‐ordinated Cluster, ground‐based instrumentation and low‐altitude satellite observations of
transient poleward‐moving events in the ionosphere and in the tail lobe
Annales Geophys. , 19, 1589‐1612, doi: doi:10.5194/angeo-19-1589-2001, 2001
198. M. Lockwood, S.E. Milan, T. Onsager, C.H. Perry, J.A. Scudder, C.T. Russell and M. Brittnacher
► Cusp Ion Steps, Field‐Aligned Currents and Poleward‐Moving Auroral Forms
J. Geophys. Res., 106 29555‐29570, doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20011666, 2001
197. N.J. Fox, S.W.H. Cowley, J.A. Davies, R.A. Greenwald, M. Lester, M. Lockwood and H. Lühr,
► Ionospheric ion and electron heating at the poleward boundary of a poleward‐expanding substorm‐disturbed region
J. Geophys. Res., 106,12845‐12862, doi: 10.1029/1999JA000387, 2001
196. M. Lockwood
► Long‐Term Variations in the Magnetic Fields of the Sun and the Heliosphere: their origin,
effects and implications
J. Geophys. Res., 106, 16021‐16038, doi: 10.1029/1999JA000387, 2001
195. S. Foster and M. Lockwood
► Long‐Term Changes in the Solar Photosphere Associated with Changes in the Coronal Source Flux
Geophys. Res. Lett. , 28, 1443‐1446, doi: 10.1029/2000GL011995, 2001
194. C J. Davis, E. M. Clarke, R. A. Bamford, M. Lockwood, S. A. Bell
► Long term changes in EUV and X‐ray emissions from the solar corona and chromosphere as measured
by the response of the Earth's ionosphere during total solar eclipses from 1932 to 1999
Annales Geophys., 19, 263‐273, doi: 10.5194/angeo-19-263-2001, 2001
193. M. Lockwood and D.H. Mackay
► Solar magnetism attracts an answer
Physics World, 14, (3), 21‐22, 2001
192. M. Lockwood and S.S. Foster
► Long‐term variations in the magnetic field of the Sun and possible implications for terrestrial climate
In “The solar cycle and Terrestrial Climate”, Proc. 1st. Solar and Space Weather Euroconference, ESP SP‐463, 85‐94, 2001
191. M. Lockwood
► The day the solar wind nearly died
Nature, 6821 (409) , 677‐679, doi: 10.1038/35055654, 2001
190. T.J. Stubbs, M. Lockwood, P. Cargill, J. Fennel, M. Grande, B. Kellett, C.H. Perry, and A. Rees
► Dawn/dusk asymmetry in particles of solar wind origin within the magnetosphere
Annales Geophys., 19, 1‐9, doi: 10.5194/angeo-19-1-2001, 2001
189. T.I. Pulkkinen, H. Nevanlinna, P.J. Pulkkinen, M. Lockwood
► The Earth‐Sun connection in time scales from years to decades to centuries
Space Sci. Rev., 95(1/2), 625‐637, doi: 10.1023/A:1005299314802, 2001
2000
188. Karlsson S.B.P., H.J. Opgenoorth, P. Eglitis, K. Kauristie, M.
Syrjäsuo, T. Pulkkinen, M. Lockwood, R. Nakamura, G. Reeves and S. Romanov,
► Solar wind control of magnetospheric energy content: substorm quenching and multiple onsets
J. Geophys. Res., 105, 5335‐5356, doi: 10.1029/1999JA900297, 2000
187. I.W. McCrea, M. Lockwood, J. Moen, F. Pitout, P. Eglitis , A.D. Aylward, J.‐C. Cerisier, A. Thorolfsson and S.E. Milan
► ESR and EISCAT observations of the response of the cusp and cleft to IMF orientation changes
Annales Geophys., 18, 1009‐1026, doi: 10.1007/s00585-000-1009-7, 2000
186. A. Thorolfsson, J.‐C. Cerisier, M. Lockwood, P.E. Sandholt, C. Senior and M. Lester
► Simultaneous radar and optical signatures of poleward‐moving auroral forms
Annales Geophys., 18, 1054‐1066, doi: 10.1007/s00585-000-1054-2, 2000
185. M. Lockwood, I.W. McCrea, S.E. Milan, J. Moen, J.‐C. Cerisier, A. Thorolfsson
► Plasma structure within poleward‐moving cusp‐cleft auroral transients: EISCAT Svalbard radar
observations and an explanation in terms of large local time extent of events
Annales Geophys., 18, 1027‐1042, doi: 10.1007/s00585-000-1027-5, 2000
184. H.J. Opgenoorth, P. Eglitis and M. Lockwood
Upgraded ground‐based facilities for co‐ordinated measurements with Cluster: opportunities for magnetospheric research revisited
in Proc. Cluster‐II Workshop on Multiscale‐Multipoint Measurements, London, ESA SP‐449, pp 79‐85, European Space Agency Publications, ESTEC, Noordwijk, 2000
183. T.J. Stubbs, P. Cargill, M. Grande, B. Kellet, M. Lockwood, and C.H. Perry
► Observations of the northern polar cusp with the Polar spacecraft
in Proc. Cluster‐II Workshop on Multiscale‐Multipoint Measurements, London, ESA SP‐449, pp 319‐322, European Space Agency Publications, ESTEC, Noordwijk, 2000
182. C.J. Davis, M. Lockwood, S. A. Bell, J. A. Smith, and E. M. Clarke
► Ionospheric measurements of relative coronal brightness during the total solar eclipses of
11 August 1999 and 9 July 1945
Annales Geophys., 18, 182‐190, doi: 10.1007/s00585-000-0182-z, 2000
1999
181. Fox, N.J., S.W.H. Cowley, V.N. Davda, G. Enno, E. Friis‐Christensen, R.A. Greenwald, M.R. Hairston, M.G. Kivelson, M. Lester, M. Lockwood, H. Lühr, D.K. Milling, J.S. Murphree, M. Pinnock, and G.D. Reeves,
► A multipoint study of a substorm occurring on 7 December 1992 and its theoretical implications
Ann. Geophys., 17, 1369‐1384, doi: 10.1007/s00585-999-1369-6, 1999
180. R. Stamper, M. Lockwood, M.N. Wild, and T.D.G. Clark
► Solar Causes of the Long Term Increase in Geomagnetic Activity
J. Geophys Res., 104, 28325‐28342, doi: 10.1029/1999JA900311, 1999
179. K.J.F. Sedgemore‐Schulthess, M. Lockwood, T.S. Trondsen, B.S. Lanchester, M.H. Rees, D. Lorentzen, and J. Moen
► EISCAT Svalbard radar and optical observations of transient field‐aligned currents and aurora in the
dayside cusp
J. Geophys. Res., 104, 24613‐24624, doi: 10.1029/1999JA900276, 1999
178. D.G. Sibeck, G. Paschmann, R.A. Treumann, S.A. Fuselier, W. Lennartsson, M. Lockwood, R. Lundin,
K.W. Ogilvie, T.G. Onsager, T.‐D. Phan, M. Roth, M. Scholer, N. Sckopke, K. Stasiewicz, and M. Yamauchi
► Plasma transfer processes at the magnetopause
Space Science Reviews, 88, 207‐283, doi: 10.1023/A:1005255801425, 1999
also in “Magnetospheric Plasma Sources and Losses” ed B. Hultqvist, M. Øieroset, G. Paschmann and R. Truemann, Kluwar, Dordrecht, 1999
177. M.O. Chandler, S.A. Fuselier, M. Lockwood and T.E. Moore,
► Evidence of component magnetic merging equatorward of the cusp
J. Geophys. Res., 104 , 22623‐22648, doi: 10.1029/1999JA900175, 1999
176. M. Lockwood and J. Moen
► Reconfiguration and closure of lobe flux by reconnection during northward IMF: evidence for
signatures in cusp/cleft auroral emissions
Annales Geophys., 17, 996‐1011, doi: 10.1007/s00585-999-0996-2, 1999
175. M. Lockwood and R. Stamper
► Long‐term drift of the coronal source magnetic flux and the total solar irradiance
Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2461‐2464, doi: 10.1029/1999GL900485, 1999
174. M. Lockwood, R. Stamper, M.N. Wild, A. Balogh and G. Jones
► Our changing sun
Astron & Geophys, 40, 4.10‐4.16, doi: 10.1093/astrog/40.4.4.10, 1999
173. S.A. Fuselier, M. Lockwood, T.G. Onsager and W.K. Peterson
► The source population for the cusp and cleft/LLBL for southward IMF
Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1665‐1669, doi: 10.1029/1999GL900354, 1999
172. M. Lockwood, M.N. Wild, R. Stamper, C.J. Davis and M. Grande
Predicting solar disturbance effects on navigation systems
J. Navigation, 52, 203‐216, 1999
171. M. Lockwood and M. A. Hapgood
► The Low‐Latitude Boundary Layer: Application of ISTP Advances to Past Data
in “The Physics of Sun‐Earth Plasma and Field Processes”, ed. J. Burch, AGU Monograph 109, 103‐111, doi: 10.1029/GM109p0103, 1999
170. M. Lockwood, R. Stamper and M.N. Wild
► A doubling of the sun's coronal magnetic field during the last 100 years
Nature, 399, 437‐439, doi: 10.1038/20867, 1999
169. M. Lockwood and S.W.H. Cowley
► Comment on "A statistical study of the ionospheric convection response to changing
interplanetary magnetic field conditions using the assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics technique" by A.J. Ridley et al.
J. Geophys. Res. 104, 4387‐4391, doi: 10.1029/1998JA900145, 1999
168. M. Lockwood and C.J. Davis
► The correct application of Poynting's theorem to the time‐dependent magnetosphere: reply to Heikkila
Annales Geophys., 17, 178‐181, doi:10.1007/s00585-999-0178-2 1999
1998
167. P.E. Sandholt, J.Moen, P. Stauning, J.A. Holtet, S.W.H. Cowley, M. Lockwood,
U.P. Løvhaug, T. Hansen, and A. Egeland
► Temporal and spatial variability of auroral forms in the 10‐14 MLT sector: Relationship to plasma convection
and solar wind‐magnetosphere
Earth Planets And Space, 50, 663‐682, 1998
166. M. Lockwood and M.A. Hapgood
► On the Cause of a Magnetospheric Flux Transfer Event
J. Geophys. Res., 103, 26453‐26478, doi: 10.1029/98JA02244, 1998
165. I. Müller‐Wordag, A.D. Aylward and M. Lockwood
► Effects of a mid‐latitude solar eclipse on the thermosphere and ionosphere: a modelling study
Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 3787‐3790, doi: 10.1029/1998GL900045, 1998
164. M. Lockwood, C.J. Davis, T.G. Onsager, and J.A. Scudder
► Modelling signatures of pulsed magnetopause reconnection in cusp ion dispersion signatures seen at
middle altitudes
Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 591‐594, doi: 10.1029/98GL00185, 1998
163. E.P. Szuszczewicz, P. Blanchard, P. Wilkinson, G. Crowley, T. Fuller‐Rowell, P. Richards,
M. Abdu, T. Bullet, R. Hanbaba, J.P. Lebreton, M. Lester, M. Lockwood,
G. Millward, M. Wild, S. Puinets, B.M. Reddy, I. Stanislawska, G. Vannaroni and B. Zolesti
► The first real‐time world‐wide ionospheric prediction network: an advance in support of
spacebourne experimentation, on‐line model validation and space weather
Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 449‐452, doi: 10.1029/97GL03279, 1998
162. M. Lockwood
Identifying the open‐closed field line boundary
in "Polar Cap Boundary Phenomena ", ed. J. Moen, A. Egeland and M. Lockwood,
NATO ASI Series C, Vol. 509, pp 73‐90, Kluwer, Dordrecht, doi: 10.1007/978-94-011-5214-3_7, 1998
161. M. Lockwood, S.A. Fuselier, A.D.M. Walker, and F. Sörass
A summary of the NATO ASI on polar cap boundary phenomena
in "Polar Cap Boundary Phenomena ", ed. J. Moen, A. Egeland and M. Lockwood,
NATO ASI Series C, Vol. 509, pp 415‐432, Kluwer, Dordrecht, doi: 10.1007/978-94-011-5214-3_32, 1998
1997
160. M. Lockwood
► Solar Wind‐Magnetosphere Coupling
in “Incoherent Scatter: Theory, Practice and Science”
ed. D. Alcayde, Technical Report 97/53, EISCAT Scientific Association, Kiruna.
(also RAL report RAL‐95‐P‐100), 1997
159. T.G. Onsager and M. Lockwood
► High‐latitude particle precipitation and its relationship to magnetospheric source regions
Space Sci. Rev., 80, 77‐107, doi: 10.1023/A:1004925720793, 1997
158. M. Lockwood
► Energy and pitch angle dispersions of LLBL/cusp ions seen at middle altitudes: predictions by the open
magnetosphere model
Annales Geophys., 15 , 1501‐1514, doi: 10.1007/s00585-997-1501-4, 1997
157. S.W.H. Cowley and M. Lockwood
► Incoherent scatter radar observations related to magnetospheric dynamics
Adv. in Space Res., 20 (4/5), 873‐882, doi: 10.1016/S0273-1177(97)00495-X, 1997
156. M. Lockwood
► Testing Substorm Theories: The Need For Multipoint Observations
Adv. in Space Res. , 20 (4/5), 883‐894, doi: 10.1016/S0273-1177(97)00496-1, 1997
155. M. Lockwood and H.J. Opgenoorth
Foreword
ESA SP‐1198, Ground‐based observations in support of the Cluster mission, ed. M. Lockwood, M.N. Wild and H.J. Opgenoorth,
vii‐xi, ESA Publications, ESTEC, Nordvijk, The Netherlands, 1997
154. H.J. Opgenoorth, M.A.L. Persson, M. Lockwood, R. Stamper, M.N. Wild, R. Pellinen, T. Pulkkinen,
K. Kauristie, T. Hughes, and Y. Kamide
A new family of geomagnetic disturbance indices
ESA SP‐1198, Ground‐based observations in support of the Cluster mission, ed. M. Lockwood, M.N. Wild and H.J. Opgenoorth,
49‐62, ESA Publications, ESTEC, Nordvijk, The Netherlands, 1997
153. M.N. Wild and M. Lockwood
The Cluster‐Ground Based Data Centre at RAL
ESA SP‐1198, Ground‐based observations in support of the Cluster mission, ed. M. Lockwood, M.N. Wild and H.J. Opgenoorth,
pp. 361‐366, ESA Publications, ESTEC, Nordvijk, The Netherlands, 1997
152. R. Stamper, M.N. Wild, M. Lockwood and S. Wallman
An on‐line directory facility of STP
ESA SP‐1198, Ground‐based observations in support of the Cluster mission, ed. M. Lockwood, M.N. Wild and H.J. Opgenoorth,
pp. 367‐387, ESA Publications, ESTEC, Nordvijk, The Netherlands, 1997
151. I.W. McCrea and M. Lockwood
Incoherent Scatter Radars
ESA SP‐1198, Ground‐based observations in support of the Cluster mission, ed. M. Lockwood, M.N. Wild and H.J. Opgenoorth,
pp. 239‐266, ESA Publications, ESTEC, Nordvijk, The Netherlands, 1997
150. M. Lockwood and H.J. Opgenoorth
Principles of combined ground‐based and satellite studies of solar‐terrestrial phenomena,
ESA SP‐1198 Ground‐based observations in support of the Cluster mission, ed. M. Lockwood, M.N. Wild and H.J. Opgenoorth,
pp. 3‐14, ESA Publications, ESTEC, Nordvijk, The Netherlands, 1997
149. H.J. Opgenoorth and M. Lockwood
Opportunities for magnetospheric research with co‐ordinated Cluster and ground‐based observations
Space Sci. Rev., 79, 599‐637, doi: 10.1007/978-94-011-5666-0_20, 1997
148. M. Lockwood
► The relationship of dayside auroral precipitations to the open‐closed separatrix and the pattern
of convective flow
J. Geophys. Res., 102, 17475‐17487, doi: 10.1029/97JA01100, 1997
147. C.J. Davis, M.N. Wild, M. Lockwood and Y.K. Tulunay
► Ionospheric and geomagnetic response to changes in IMF Bz: a super‐posed epoch study
Annales Geophys., 15 , 217‐230, doi: 10.1007/s00585-997-0217-9, 1997
146. M. Lockwood and M.A. Hapgood
► How the Magnetopause Transition Parameter Works
Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 373‐376, doi: 10.1029/97GL00120, 1997
145. M. Lockwood
► Cluster´s last stand?
Astron. and Geophys., 38(1), 21‐25, doi: 10.1093/astrog/38.1.21, 1997
1996
144. C.J. Davis and M. Lockwood
► Predicted signatures of pulsed reconnection in ESR data
Annales Geophys., 14, 1246‐1256, doi: 10.1007/s00585-996-1246-5, 1996
143. J. Moen, D. Evans, H.C. Carlson and M. Lockwood
► Dayside moving auroral transients related to LLBL dynamics
Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 3247‐3250, doi: 10.1029/96GL02766, 1996
142. M. Lockwood and J. Moen
► Ion populations on open field lines within the low‐latitude boundary layer: theory and
observations during a dayside transient event
Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 2895‐2898, doi: 10.1029/96GL02761, 1996
141. M. Lockwood, S.W.H. Cowley and T.G. Onsager
► Ion acceleration at both the interior and exterior Alfvén waves associated with the
magnetopause reconnection site: signatures in cusp precipitation
J. Geophys. Res., 101, 21501‐21515, doi: 10.1029/96JA01948, 1996
140. N.G.J. Gazey, M. Lockwood, M. Grande, C.H. Perry, P.N. Smith, S. Coles, A.D. Aylward R.J. Bunting, H. Opgenoorth and B. Wilken
► EISCAT/CRRES observations: nightside ionospheric ion outflow and oxygen‐rich substorm injections
Annales Geophys., 14 , 1032‐1043, doi: 10.1007/s00585-996-1032-4, 1996
139. M. Lockwood and C.J. Davis
► On the longitudinal extent of magnetopause reconnection bursts
Annales Geophys., 14, 865‐878, doi: 10.1007/s00585-996-0865-1, 1996
138. M.F. Smith and M. Lockwood
► The Earth's magnetospheric cusps
Rev. Geophys., 34 (2), 233‐260, doi: 10.1029/96RG00893, 1996
137. M. Lockwood
► The case for transient magnetopause reconnection
EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 77(26), 246‐250, doi: 10.1029/96EO00175, 1996
136. H. Lühr, M. Lockwood, P.A. Sandholt, T.L. Hansen and T. Moretto
Multi‐instrument ground‐based observations of a Travelling Convection Vortex event
Annales Geophys., 14, 162‐181, doi: 10.1007/s00585-996-0162-z, 1996
135. M. Lockwood and C.J. Davis
An analysis of the accuracy of magnetopause reconnection rate variations deduced from cusp ion dispersion characteristics
Annales Geophys., 14, 149‐161, doi: 10.1007/s00585-996-0149-9, 1996
134. S.W.H. Cowley and M. Lockwood
► Time‐dependent flows in the coupled solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere system
Adv. Space Res. 18, (8)141‐(8)150, doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00972-8, 1996
133. J. Moen, M. Lockwood, P.E. Sandholt, U.P. L vhaug, W,F. Denig, A.P van Eyken, and A. Egeland
► Variability of dayside high‐latitude convection associated with a sequence of auroral transients
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 58, 85-96, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(95)00021-6, 1996
1995
132.J. Moen, P.E. Sandholt, M. Lockwood, W.F. Denig, U.P. L vhaug, B. Lybekk, A. Egeland, D. Opsvik, and E. Friis-Christensen
► Events of enhanced convection and related dayside auroral activity
J. Geophys. Res. 100, 23917-23934, doi: 10.1029/95JA02585, 1995
131. M. Lockwood, C.J. Davis, M.F. Smith, T.G. Onsager, and W.F Denig,
► The location and characteristics of the reconnection X‐line deduced from low‐altitude satellite and
ground‐based observations: 2. DMSP and EISCAT radar data
J. Geophys. Res., 100, 21803‐21814, doi: 10.1029/95JA01339, 1995
130. M. Lockwood
► The location and characteristics of the reconnection X‐line deduced from low‐altitude satellite
and ground‐based observations: 1. Theory
J. Geophys. Res., 100, 21791‐21802, doi: 10.1029/95JA01340, 1995
129. M. Lockwood
Ground‐Based and Satellite Observations of the Cusp: Evidence for Pulsed Magnetopause Reconnection.
in "Physics of the magnetopause", ed. P. Song, B.U.O. Sonnerup and M.F. Thomsen, American Geophysical Union Monograph 90,
417‐426, doi: 10.1029/GM090p0417, 1995
128. M. Lockwood and H.J. Opgenoorth
► Opportunities for magnetospheric research using EISCAT/ESR and CLUSTER
J. Geoelect. Geomag., 47, 699‐721, 1995
127. N.J. Fox, M. Lockwood, S.W.H. Cowley, V.N. Davda, G. Enno, E. Friis‐Christensen, R.A. Greenwald, M. Kivelson, M. Lester, H. L hr, D.K. Milling, J.S. Murphree, M. Pinnock and G.D. Reeves
A comparison of Freja auroral images with substorm cycle observations
in "Substorms 2", Proc. 2nd. Int. Conf. on substorms, 421‐428, Geophysical Institute, Fairbanks, Alaska, 1995
126. M. Lockwood
► Large‐scale fields and flows in the magnetosphere‐ionosphere system
Surveys in Geophysics, 16, 389‐441, doi: 10.1007/BF01044574, 1995
125. N.G.J. Gazey, M. Lockwood, P.N. Smith, S. Coles, R.J. Bunting, M. Lester, A.D. Aylward,
T.Y. Yeoman and H. Lühr
► The development of substorm cross‐tail current disruption as seen from the ground
J. Geophys. Res., 100, 9633‐9648, doi: 10.1029/94JA02322, 1995
124. M. Lockwood
► Overlapping cusp ion injections: an explanation invoking magnetopause reconnection
Geophys. Res. Lett, 22, 1141‐1144, doi: 10.1029/95GL00811, 1995
123. M. Lockwood, S,W.H. Cowley, M.F. Smith, R.P. Rijnbeek and R.C. Elphic
► The contribution of flux transfer events to convection
Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 1185‐1188, doi: 10.1029/95GL01008, 1995
122. L.A. Weiss, P.H. Reiff, E.J. Weber, H.C. Carlson, M. Lockwood and W.K. Peterson
► Flow‐aligned jets in the magnetospheric cusp: results from the Geospace Environment Modelling pilot programme
J. Geophys. Res., 100, 7649‐7660, doi: 10.1029/94JA03360, 1995
121. M. Lockwood, S.W.H. Cowley, P.E. Sandholt and U.P. L vhaug
► Causes of plasma flow bursts and dayside auroral transients: an evaluation of two models invoking
reconnection pulses and changes in the Y component of the magnetosheath field
J. Geophys. Res. 100, 7613‐7626, doi: 10.1029/94JA02264, 1995
120. M. Lockwood and C.J. Davis
► The occurrence probability, width and number of steps of cusp precipitation for fully pulsed
reconnection at the dayside magnetopause
J. geophys. Res. 100, 7627‐7640, doi: 10.1029/94JA02197, 1995
119. M. Lester, M. Lockwood, T.K. Yeoman, S.W.H. Cowley, H. L hr, R. Bunting and C.J. Farrugia
The response of ionospheric convection in the polar cap to substorm activity
Ann. Geophys. 13, 147‐158, doi: 10.1007/s00585-995-0147-3, 1995
118. M.A. Hapgood and M. Lockwood
► Rapid changes in LLBL thickness
Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 77‐80, doi: 10.1029/94GL02835, 1995
1994
117. M. Lockwood, T.G. Onsager, C.J. Davis, M.F. Smith and W.F Denig
► The characteristics of the magnetopause reconnection X‐line deduced from low‐altitude
satellite observations of cusp ions
Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2757‐2760, doi: 10.1029/94GL02696, 1994
► Correction
116. M. Lockwood and H.C. Carlson, Jr.
► Reply: ionospheric effects of transient magnetopause reconnection
Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2337‐2338, doi: 10.1029/93GL03390, 1994
115. M. Lockwood, S.W.H. Cowley and M.F. Smith
► Comment on "By fluctuations in the magnetosheath and azimuthal flow velocity transients
in the dayside ionosphere" by Newell and Sibeck
Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 1819‐1820, doi: 10.1029/94GL01360, 1994
114. N.J. Fox, M. Lockwood, S.W.H. Cowley, M.P. Freeman, E. Friis‐Christensen, D.K. Milling, M. Pinnock and G.D. Reeves
EISCAT observations of unusual flows in the morning sector associated with weak substorm activity
Annales Geophys. 12, 541‐553, doi: doi:10.1007/s00585-994-0541-2, 1994
113. J. Moen, P.E. Sandholt, M. Lockwood, A. Egeland and K. Fukui
► Multiple discrete arcs on sunward convecting field lines in the 14‐15 MLT region
J. geophys. Res. 99, 6113‐6123, doi: 10.1029/93JA03344, 1994
112. M. Lockwood
Ionospheric signatures of pulsed magnetopause reconnection
in "Physical signatures of magnetopause boundary layer Processes", ed. J.A. Holtet and A. Egeland, NATO ASI Series C, Vol. 425, Kluwer, 229‐243, doi: 10.1007/978-94-011-1052-5_16, 1994
111. M. Lockwood and M.F. Smith
► Low– and mid–altitude cusp particle signatures for general magnetopause reconnection rate
variations: I ‐ Theory
J. Geophys. Res., 99, 8531‐8555, doi: 10.1029/93JA03399, 1994
110. M. Lockwood and S.W.H. Cowley
► Comment on "Ionospheric signatures of dayside magnetopause transients: a case study
using satellite and ground measurements" by Denig et al.
J. Geophys. Res., 99, 4253‐4255, doi: 10.1029/93JA02737, 1994
1993
109. D.J. Knipp, B.A. Emery, A.D. Richmond, N.U. Crooker, M.R. Hairston, J.A. Cumnock,
W.F. Denig, F.J. Rich, O. de la Beaujardiere, J.M. Ruohoniemi, A.S. Rodger, G. Crowley, B.‐H. Ahn,
D.S. Evans, T.J. Fuller‐Rowell, E. Friis‐Christiansen, M. Lockwood, H. Kroehl, C. McClennan, A. McEwin,
R.J. Pellinen, R.J. Morris, G.B. Burns, V. Papitashvili, A. Zaitzev, O. Troshichev, N. Sato,
P. Sutcliffe, L. Tomlinson,
► Ionospheric convection response to strong, slow variations in a northward interplanetary magnetic field:
A case study for January 14, 1988
J. Geophys. Res., 98, 19,273‐19,292, doi: 10.1029/93JA01010, 1993
108. M. Lockwood and M.F. Smith
► Comment on "Mapping the dayside ionosphere to the magnetosphere according to particle
precipitation characteristics " by Newell and Meng
Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1739‐1740, doi: 10.1029/93GL01967, 1993
107. M. Lockwood, H.C. Carlson and P.E. Sandholt
► The implications of the altitude of transient 630 nm dayside auroral emissions
J. geophys. Res., 98, 15571‐15587, doi: 10.1029/93JA00811, 1993
106. M.F. Smith, F. Herrero, M. Hesse, D.N. Baker, P. Bochsler, P. Wurz, H. Balsiger, S. Chakrabarti, G. Erickson, D. Cotton, T.S. Stephen, C. Jamar, J.C. Gerard, S.A. Fuselier, A.G. Ghielmetti, S.B. Mende, W.K. Peterson, E.G. Shelley, R.D Vondrak, D.L. Gallagher, T.E. Moore, C. Pollock, R. Arnoldy, M. Lockwood and R. Gladstone
The High‐Latitude Ion Transport and Energetics (HI‐LITE) Explorer: A mission to investigate ion outflow from the high‐latitude ionosphere
Proc. S.P.I.E., 2008, "Instrumentation for Magnetospheric Imagery II", 40‐56, doi: 10.1117/12.147643, 1993
105. M. Lockwood, J. Moen, S.W.H. Cowley, A.D. Farmer, U.P. L vhaug, H. L hr and V.N. Davda
► Variability of dayside convection and motions of the cusp/cleft aurora
Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1011‐1014, doi: 10.1029/93GL00846, 1993
104. M. Lockwood and M.N. Wild
► On the quasi‐periodic nature of magnetopause flux transfer events
J. geophys. Res., 98, 5935‐5940, doi: 10.1029/92JA02375, 1993
103. M. Lockwood
► Modelling the high‐latitude ionosphere for time‐varying plasma convection
Proc. Inst. Elec. Eng. H, 140, 91‐100, 1993
102. M. Lockwood, I.W. McCrea, G.H. Millward, R.J. Moffett and H. Rishbeth
► EISCAT observations of ion composition and temperature anisotropy in the high‐latitude F‐region
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 55, 895‐906, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(93)90029-X, 1993
101. M.A. Hapgood and M. Lockwood
► On the voltage and distance across the low‐latitude boundary layer
Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 145‐148, doi: 10.1029/93GL00063, 1993
100. M. Lockwood, W.F. Denig, A.D. Farmer, V.N. Davda, S.W.H. Cowley & H. L hr
► Ionospheric signatures of pulsed magnetic reconnection at the Earth's magnetopause
Nature, 361 (6411), 424‐428, doi: 10.1038/361424a0, 1993
1992
99. M.A. Saunders, M.P. Freeman, D.J. Southwood, S.W.H. Cowley, M. Lockwood, J.C. Samson, C.J. Farrugia and T.J. Hughes
► Dayside ionospheric convection changes in response to long period IMF oscillations: determination of the
ionospheric phase velocity
J. Geophys. Res., 97, 19373‐19380, doi: 10.1029/92JA01383, 1992
98. M. Lockwood and H.C. Carlson, Jr.
► Production of polar cap electron density patches by transient magnetopause reconnection
Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1731‐1734, doi: 10.1029/92GL01993, 1992
97. M. Lockwood and M.F. Smith
► The variation of reconnection rate at the dayside magnetopause and cusp ion precipitation
J. Geophys. Res., 97, 14841‐14847, doi: 10.1029/92JA01261, 1992
96. S.W.H. Cowley, J.P. Morelli, M.P. Freeman, M. Lockwood, and M.F. Smith
Excitation and decay of flows in the magnetosphere‐ionosphere system due to magnetic reconnection at the dayside magnetopause and in the geomagnetic tail
in "Substorms 1, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Substorms, ICS‐1", ed C. Mattock, ESA‐SP‐335, 117‐123, European Space Agency Publications, Nordvijk, The Netherlands, 1992
95. M. Lockwood and S.W.H. Cowley
► Ionospheric Convection and the substorm cycle
in “Substorms 1, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Substorms, ICS‐1”, ed C. Mattock, ESA‐SP‐335, 99‐109, European Space Agency Publications, Nordvijk, The Netherlands, 1992
94. P.E. Sandholt, M. Lockwood, W.F. Denig, R.C. Elphic and S. Leontjev
Dynamical auroral structure in the vicinity of the polar cusp: multipoint observations during southward and northward IMF
Annales Geophys., 10, 483‐497, 1992
93. M.F. Smith, M. Lockwood and S.W.H. Cowley
► The statistical cusp: a simple flux transfer event model
Planet. Space Sci., 40, 1251‐1268, doi: 10.1016/0032-0633(92)90082-Y, 1992
92. S.W.H. Cowley and M. Lockwood
► Excitation and decay of solar‐wind driven flows in the magnetosphere‐ionosphere system
Annales Geophys., 10, 103‐115, 1992
91. M. Lockwood and A. Coates
Blowing in the solar wind
New Scientist, 133, 1811, 25‐30, 7 March 1992
1991
90. M. Lockwood
Requirements for co‐ordinated Cluster and ground‐based observations of the cusp
in "CLUSTER ‐ dayside polar cusp", ed. C.I Barron, ESA SP‐330, 203‐210, European Space Agency Publications, Nordvijk, The Netherlands, 1991
89. S.W.H. Cowley, M.P. Freeman, M. Lockwood and M.F. Smith
► The ionospheric signature of flux transfer events
in "CLUSTER ‐ dayside polar cusp", ed. C.I. Barron, ESA SP‐330, 105‐112, European Space Agency Publications, Nordvijk, The Netherlands, 1991
88. M. Lockwood
Incoherent scatter radar measurements of the cusp
in "CLUSTER ‐ dayside polar cusp", ed. C.I. Barron, ESA SP‐330, 57‐66, European Space Agency Publications, Nordvijk, The Netherlands, 1991
87. M. Lockwood and S.W.H. Cowley
► Comment on "Ionospheric convection response to changing IMF direction" by Knipp et al.
Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 2173‐2174, doi: 10.1029/91GL02547, 1991
86. M. Lockwood
The interconnection of the magnetic fields of the Earth and the sun
Endeavour, 15(3), 126‐132, 1991
85. S.W.H. Cowley, J.P. Morelli, and M. Lockwood
► Dependence of convective flows and particle precipitation in the high‐latitude dayside ionosphere on
the X and Y components of the interplanetary magnetic field
J. geophys. Res., 96, 5557‐5564, doi: 10.1029/90JA02063, 1991
84. M. Lockwood
► Flux Transfer Events at the dayside magnetopause: Transient reconnection or magnetosheath pressure pulses?
J. geophys. Res., 96, 5497‐5509, doi: 10.1029/90JA02389, 1991
83. M. Lockwood
► The excitation of ionospheric convection
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 53, 177‐199, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(91)90103-E, 1991
82. M.A. Hapgood, G. Bowe, M. Lockwood, D.M. Willis, and Y. Tulunay
► Variability of the interplanetary magnetic field at 1 A.U. over 24 years: 1963 – 1986
Planet. Space Sci., 39, 411‐423, doi: 10.1016/0032-0633(91)90003-S, 1991
81. M. Lockwood
► On flow reversal boundaries and cross‐cap potential in average models of high latitude convection
Planet. Space Sci., 39, 397‐409, doi: 10.1016/0032-0633(91)90002-R, 1991
1990
80. P.E. Sandholt, M. Lockwood, B. Lybekk, and A.D. Farmer
► Auroral bright spot sequence near 14 MLT: co‐ordinated optical and ion drift observations ‐ relationship
with magnetopause boundary layer dynamics
J. Geophys. Res., 95, 21095‐21110, doi: 10.1029/JA095iA12p21095, 1990
79. M.F. Smith, J.D. Winningham, J.A. Slavin, and M. Lockwood
DE 2 observations of filamentary currents at ionospheric altitudes
in "Physics of magnetic flux ropes", ed. C.T. Russell, E.R. Priest and L.C. Lee, Geophys. Monograph Ser. 58, 591‐598, AGU, Washington, D.C., doi: 10.1029/GM058p0591, 1990
78. M.P. Freeman, C.J. Farrugia, S.W.H. Cowley, D.J. Southwood, M. Lockwood and A. Etemadi
The response of the magnetosphere‐ionosphere system to solar wind dynamic pressure variations
in "Physics of magnetic flux ropes", ed. C.T. Russell, E.R. Priest and L.C. Lee, Geophys. Monograph 58, 611‐618, AGU, Washington, D.C., doi: 10.1029/GM058p0611, 1990
77. R.C. Elphic, M. Lockwood, S.W.H. Cowley, and P.E. Sandholt
► Flux transfer events at the magnetopause and in the ionosphere
Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 2241‐2244, doi: 10.1029/GL017i012p02241, 1990
76. G.A. Bowe, M.A. Hapgood, M. Lockwood, and D.M. Willis
► Variability of solar wind number density, speed and dynamic pressure as a function of the
interplanetary magnetic field components: a survey over two solar cycles
Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 1825‐1828, doi: 10.1029/GL017i011p01825, 1990
75. P.E. Sandholt and M. Lockwood
► Periodic auroral events at the high latitude convection reversal in the 16 MLT region
Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 1877‐1880, doi: 10.1029/GL017i011p01877, 1990
74. R.M. Robinson, C.R. Clauer, O. de la Beaujardiere, J.D. Kelly, E. Friis‐Christensen and M. Lockwood
► Sondrestrom and EISCAT radar observations of poleward‐moving auroral forms
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 52, 411‐420, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(90)90040-T, 1990
73. K.J. Winser, M. Lockwood, G.O.L. Jones, H. Rishbeth, and M.G. Ashford
► Measuring ion temperatures and studying the ion‐energy balance in the high‐latitude
ionosphere
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 52, 501‐518, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(90)90049-S, 1990
72. M. Lockwood, S.W.H. Cowley, P.E. Sandholt, and R. P. Lepping
► The ionospheric signatures of flux transfer events and solar wind dynamic pressure changes
J. geophys. Res., 95, 17, 113-17, 136, doi: 10.1029/JA095iA10p17113, 1990
71. J.G. Keating, F.J. Mulligan, D.B. Doyle, K.J. Winser and M. Lockwood
► A statistical survey of large field‐aligned flows of thermal ions at high latitudes
Planet. Space Sci., 38, 1187‐1202,doi: 10.1016/0032-0633(90)90026-M, 1990
70. M. Lockwood, P.E. Sandholt, A.D. Farmer, S.W.H. Cowley, B. Lybekk, and V.N. Davda
► Auroral and plasma flow transients at magnetic noon
Planet. Space Sci., 38, 973‐993, doi: 10.1016/0032-0633(90)90043-P, 1990
69. M.F. Smith and M. Lockwood
► The pulsating cusp
Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 1069‐1072, doi: 10.1029/GL017i008p01069, 1990
68. M. Lockwood, S.W.H. Cowley, and M.P. Freeman
► The excitation of plasma convection in the high latitude ionosphere
J. geophys Res., 95, 7961‐7971, doi: 10.1029/JA095iA06p07961, 1990
67. M. Lockwood, S.W.H. Cowley, and P.E. Sandholt
► Transient reconnection - the search for ionospheric signatures
EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 71(20), 709‐720, doi: 10.1029/EO071i020p00709-02, 1990
66. M. Lockwood and M.F. Smith
► Reply to Heikkila
Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 657‐658, doi: 10.1029/GL017i005p00657, 1990
65. M. Lockwood and M.F. Smith
► Reply to Newell
Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 305‐306, doi: 10.1029/GL017i003p00305, 1990
64. P.E. Sandholt, M. Lockwood, T. Oguti, S.W.H. Cowley, K.S.C. Freeman, A. Egeland,
B. Lybekk and D.M. Willis
► Midday auroral breakup events and related energy and momentum transfer from the magnetosheath
J. geophys. Res., 95, 1039‐1061, doi: 10.1029/JA095iA02p01039, 1990
63. G.O.L. Jones, P.J.S. Williams, K.J. Winser, and M. Lockwood
► Characteristics of the high‐latitude trough
Adv. in Space Res., 10, (6)191‐(6)196, doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(90)90253-V, 1990
1989
62. M. Lockwood, P.E. Sandholt, S.W.H. Cowley, and T. Oguti
► Interplanetary magnetic field control of dayside auroral activity and the transfer of momentum across
the dayside magnetopause
Planet. Space Sci., 37, 1347‐1365, doi: 10.1016/0032-0633(89)90106-2, 1989
61. K. Suvanto, M. Lockwood, K.J. Winser, A.D. Farmer, and B.J.I. Bromage
► Analysis of incoherent Scatter Radar data from non‐thermal F‐region plasma
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 51, 483‐495, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(89)90088-3, 1989
60. M. Lockwood and M.F. Smith
► Low‐altitude signatures of the cusp and flux transfer events
Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 879‐882, doi: 10.1029/GL016i008p00879, 1989
59. K.J. Winser, M. Lockwood, G.O.L. Jones, and K. Suvanto
► Radar observations of non‐thermal plasma at different aspect angles
Adv. in Space Res., 9, (5)107‐(5)112,doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(89)90347-5, 1989
58. M. Lockwood, K. Suvanto, K.J. Winser, S.W.H. Cowley, and D.M. Willis
► Incoherent scatter radar observations of non‐Maxwellian ion velocity distributions in the auroral F‐region
Adv. in Space Res., 9, (5)113‐(5)118, doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(89)90348-7, 1989
57. M. Lockwood, S.W.H Cowley, C.R. Clauer, H. Todd, S.R. Crothers, and D.M. Willis
► Ion flows and heating at a contracting polar‐cap boundary: GISMOS observations indicating
viscous‐like interaction on the flanks of the magnetotail
Adv. in Space Res., 9, (5)39‐(5)44, doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(89)90337-2, 1989
56. C.R. Clauer, J.D. Kelly, M. Lockwood, R.M. Robinson, J.M. Rouhoniemi, O. de la Beaujardiere and L. Hakkinen
► June 1987 GISMOS experiment: preliminary report on high‐time resolution, multi‐radar measurements
Adv. in Space Res., 9, (5)29‐(5)33, doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(89)90335-9, 1989
55. K.J. Winser, G.O.L. Jones, P.J.S. Williams, and M. Lockwood
► Observations of large field‐aligned flows of thermal plasma in the auroral ionosphere
Adv. in Space Res., 9, (5)57‐(5)63, doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(89)90341-4, 1989
54. K. Suvanto, M. Lockwood, K.J. Winser, A.D. Farmer, and B.J.I. Bromage
► Analysis of incoherent scatter radar data from non‐Maxwellian F‐region plasma
Adv. in Space Res., 9, (5)103‐(5)106, doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(89)90346-3, 1989
53. C.J. Farrugia, M.P. Freeman, S.W.H. Cowley, D.J. Southwood, M. Lockwood and A. Etemadi
► Pressure‐driven magnetopause motions and attendant response on the ground
Planet. Space Sci., 37, 589‐608,doi: 10.1016/0032-0633(89)90099-8, 1989
52. W. Kofman, K. Schlegel, U.P. Lovhaug, M. Lockwood, and K.J. Winser
► Comment on “The effect of strong velocity shears on incoherent scatter spectra – a
new interpretation of unusual high–latitude spectra”
Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 337‐338, doi: 10.1029/GL016i004p00337, 1989
51. M. Lockwood and M.P. Freeman
► Recent ionospheric observations relating to solar wind‐magnetosphere coupling
Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., A, 328, 93‐105, doi: 10.1098/rsta.1989.0026, 1989
50. A. Etemadi, S.W.H. Cowley, and M. Lockwood
► The effect of rapid changes in ionospheric flow on velocity vectors deduced from radar beam‐swinging experiments
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 51, 125‐138, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(89)90112-8, 1989
49. M. Lockwood, P.E. Sandholt, and S.W.H. Cowley
► Dayside auroral activity and momentum transfer from the solar wind
Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 33‐36, doi: 10.1029/GL016i001p00033, 1989
48. K. Suvanto, M. Lockwood, and T.J. Fuller‐Rowell
► The influence of anisotropic F‐region ion velocity distributions on ionospheric ion outflows
into the magnetosphere
J. geophys. Res., 94, 1347‐1358, doi: 10.1029/JA094iA02p01347, 1989
47. K.J. Winser, M. Lockwood, G.O.L. Jones, and K. Suvanto
► Observations on non‐thermal plasmas at different aspect angles
J. Geophys. Res., 94, 1439‐1449, doi: 10.1029/JA094iA02p01439, 1989
1988
46. M. Lockwood and S.W.H. Cowley
► Observations at the magnetopause and in the auroral ionosphere of momentum transfer from the solar wind
Adv. in Space Res., 8, (9/10)281‐(9/10)299, doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(88)90142-1, 1988
45. S. Quegan, R.S. Gill, and M. Lockwood
► Comparisons between EISCAT observations and model calculations of the high latitude ionosphere
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 50, 1057‐1076, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(88)90095-5, 1988
44. H. Todd, S.W.H. Cowley, M. Lockwood, D.M. Willis, and H. Lühr
► Response time of the high‐latitude dayside ionosphere to sudden changes in the north‐south component of the IMF
Planet. Space Sci., 36, 1415‐1428, doi: 10.1016/0032-0633(88)90008-6, 1988
43. G.O.L. Jones, P.J.S. Williams, K. Winser, M. Lockwood, and K. Suvanto
► Large plasma velocities along the magnetic field in the auroral zone
Nature, 336, 231‐232, doi: 10.1038/336231a0, 1988
42. M. Lockwood and K.J. Winser
► On the determination of ion temperature in the auroral F‐region ionosphere
Planet. Space Sci., 36, 1295‐1304, doi: 10.1016/0032-0633(88)90080-3, 1988
41. M. Lockwood, S.W.H. Cowley, H. Todd, D.M. Willis and C.R. Clauer
► Ion flows and heating at a contracting polar cap boundary
Planet. Space Sci., 36, 1229‐1253, doi: 10.1016/0032-0633(88)90076-1, 1988
40. A.W. Yau and M. Lockwood
Vertical ion flow in the polar ionosphere
AGU Monograph, 44, 229‐240, doi: 10.1029/GM044p0229, 1988
39. A. Etemadi, S.W.H. Cowley, M. Lockwood, B.J.I. Bromage, D.M. Willis, and H. L hr
► The dependence of high‐latitude dayside ionospheric flows on the north‐south component of the IMF: a
high time resolution correlation analysis using EISCAT "POLAR" and AMPTE UKS and IRM data
Planet. Space Sci., 36, 471‐498, doi: 10.1016/0032-0633(88)90107-9, 1988
38. M. Lockwood, M.F. Smith, C.J. Farrugia, and G.L. Siscoe
► Ionospheric ion upwelling in the wake of Flux Transfer Events at the dayside magnetopause
J. geophys. Res., 93, 5641‐5654, doi: 10.1029/JA093iA06p05641, 1988
37. H. Todd, S.W.H. Cowley, A. Etemadi, B.J.I. Bromage, M. Lockwood, D.M. Willis and H. L hr
► Flow in the high‐latitude ionosphere: measurements at 15‐second resolution made using the
EISCAT "POLAR" experiment
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 50, 423‐446, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(88)90026-8, 1988
36. M. Lockwood, K. Suvanto, J.‐P. St‐Maurice, K. Kikuchi, B.J.I. Bromage, D.M. Willis, S.R. Crothers, H. Todd, and S.W.H. Cowley
► Scattered power from non‐thermal, F‐region plasma observed by EISCAT ‐ evidence for coherent echoes
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 50, 467‐485, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(88)90029-3, 1988
35. A.D. Farmer, M. Lockwood, T.J. Fuller‐Rowell, K. Suvanto and U.P. Lovhaug
► Model predictions of the occurrence of non‐Maxwellian plasmas, and analysis of their
effects on EISCAT data
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 50, 487‐499, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(88)90030-X, 1988
1987
34. K.J. Winser, M. Lockwood and G.O.L. Jones
► Non‐thermal plasma observations using EISCAT: aspect angle dependence
Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 957‐960, doi: 10.1029/GL014i009p00957, 1987
33. M. Lockwood and T.J. Fuller‐Rowell
► Correction to "The modelled occurrence of non‐thermal plasma in the
ionospheric F‐region and possible consequences for ion outflows into the magnetosphere"
Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 581‐582, doi: 10.1029/GL014i005p00581, 1987
32. M. Lockwood and T.J. Fuller‐Rowell
► The modelled occurrence of non‐thermal plasma in the ionospheric F‐region
and possible consequences for ion outflows into the magnetosphere
Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 371‐374, doi: 10.1029/GL014i004p00371, 1987
31. M. Lockwood, B.J.I. Bromage, R.B. Horne, J.‐P. St‐Maurice, D.M. Willis and S.W.H. Cowley
► Non‐Maxwellian ion velocity distributions observed using EISCAT
Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 111‐114, doi: 10.1029/GL014i002p00111, 1987
1986
30. M. Lockwood, A.P. van Eyken, B.J.I. Bromage, J.H. Waite, T.E. Moore and J.R. Doupnik
► Low‐energy ion outflows from the ionosphere during a major cap expansion ‐ evidence for
equatorward motion of inverted‐V structures
Adv. in Space Res., 6, (3)93‐(3)101, doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(86)90321-2, 1986
29. J.H. Waite, M. Lockwood, T.E. Moore, M.O. Chandler, J. Horwitz, and C.R. Chappell
Solar wind control of the geomagnetic mass spectrometer
in "Solar wind ‐ magnetosphere coupling", ed. Y. Kamide and J.A. Slavin, Terra Scientifica, 707‐716, 1986
28. J.L Horwitz, M. Lockwood, J.H. Waite, Jr., T.E. Moore, C.R. Chappell and M.O. Chandler
Transport of accelerated lowenergy ions in the polar magnetosphere
in "Ion acceleration in the magnetosphere and ionosphere", ed. T. Chang, AGU Monograph 38, 56‐60, doi: 10.1029/GM038p0056, 1986
27. T.E. Moore, J.H. Waite, Jr., M. Lockwood and C.R. Chappell
Observations of coherent transverse ion acceleration
in "Ion acceleration in the magnetosphere and ionosphere", ed. T. Chang, AGU Monograph 38, 50‐55, doi: 10.1029/GM038p0050, 1986
26. J.H. Waite, Jr., T.E. Moore, M.O. Chandler, M. Lockwood, A. Persoon, and M. Suguira
Ion energization in upwelling ion events
in "Ion acceleration in the magnetosphere and ionosphere", ed. T. Chang, AGU Monograph 38, 61‐67, doi: 10.1029/GM038p0061, 1986
25. M. Lockwood
► Low‐energy ion flows into the magnetosphere
Adv. in Space Res., 6, (3)63‐(3)77, doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(86)90318-2, 1986
24. T.E. Moore, M. Lockwood, M.O. Chandler, J.H. Waite, Jr., C.R. Chappell,
A. Persoon, and M. Sugiura
► Upwelling O+ ion source characteristics
J. Geophys. Res., 91, 7019‐7031, doi: 10.1029/JA091iA06p07019, 1986
23. D.M. Willis, M. Lockwood, S.W.H. Cowley, A.P. van Eyken, B.J.I. Bromage,
H. Rishbeth, P.R. Smith, and S.R. Crothers
► A survey of simultaneous observations of the high‐latitude ionosphere and Interplanetary
Magnetic Field with EISCAT and AMPTE‐UKS
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 48, 987‐1008, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(86)90071-1, 1986
22. H. Todd, B.J.I. Bromage, S.W.H. Cowley, M. Lockwood, A.P. van Eyken, and D.M. Willis
► EISCAT observations of bursts of rapid flow in the high latitude dayside ionosphere
Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 909‐912, doi: 10.1029/GL013i009p00909, 1986
21. M. Lockwood, A.P. van Eyken, B.J.I. Bromage, D.M. Willis, and S.W.H. Cowley
► Eastward propagation of a plasma convection enhancement following a southward turning
of the interplanetary magnetic field
Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 72‐75, doi: 10.1029/GL013i001p00072, 1986
1985
20. M. Lockwood, T.E. Moore, J.H. Waite, C.R. Chappell, J.L. Horwitz and R.A. Heelis
► The geomagnetic mass spectrometer ‐ mass and energy dispersions of ionospheric ion
flows into the magnetosphere
Nature, 316, 612‐613, doi: 10.1038/316612a0, 1985
19. J.L. Horwitz and M. Lockwood
► The cleft ion fountain: a two‐dimensional kinetic model
J. geophys. Res., 90, 9749‐9762, doi: 10.1029/JA090iA10p09749, 1985
18. M. Lockwood, M.O. Chandler, J.L Horwitz, J.H. Waite, Jr., T.E. Moore, and C.R. Chappell
► The cleft ion fountain
J. geophys. Res., 90, 9736‐9748, doi: 10.1029/JA090iA10p09736, 1985
17. M. Lockwood, J.H. Waite, Jr., T.E. Moore, J.F.E. Johnson, and C.R. Chappell
► A new source of suprathermal O+ ions near the dayside polar cap boundary
J. geophys. Res., 90, 4099‐4116, doi: 10.1029/JA090iA05p04099, 1985
16. T.E. Moore, C.R. Chappell, M. Lockwood, and J.H. Waite, Jr.
► Superthermal ion signatures of auroral acceleration processes
J. geophys. Res., 90, 1161‐1618, doi: 10.1029/JA090iA02p01611, 1985
1984
15. M. Lockwood, A.D. Farmer, H.J. Opgenoorth, and S.R. Crothers
► EISCAT observations of plasma convection and the high‐latitude, winter F‐region during substorm activity
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 46, 489‐499, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(84)90067-9, 1984
14. A.D. Farmer, M. Lockwood, R.B. Horne, B.J.I. Bromage, and K.S.C. Freeman
► Field‐perpendicular and field‐aligned plasma flows observed by EISCAT during a prolonged period of northward IMF
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 46, 473‐488, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(84)90066-7, 1984
13. M. Lockwood
► Thermospheric control of the auroral source of O+ ions for the magnetosphere
J. geophys. Res., 89, 301‐315, doi: 10.1029/JA089iA01p00301, 1984
12. M. Lockwood
► Simplified estimation of ray‐path mirroring height for HF radio waves reflected from the ionospheric F‐region
Proc. I.E.E.‐F, 131, 117‐125, doi: 10.1049/ip-f-1.1984.0020, 1984
1983
11. M. Lockwood
► A simple M‐factor algorithm for improved estimation of the basic maximum usable frequency
of radio waves reflected from the ionospheric F region
Proc. IEE ‐ F, 130, 296‐302, doi: 10.1049/ip-f-1.1983.0049, 1983
10. M. Lockwood
Simplified evaluation of propagation characteristics for HF radiowaves reflected from the ionospheric F2 layer
IEE Conf. Publ. 219, Part 2 (Propagation), 233‐237, 1983
9. M. Lockwood
► Field‐aligned plasma flow in the quiet mid‐latitude ionosphere deduced from topside soundings
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 45, 1-14,doi: 10.1016/S0021-9169(83)80002-6, 1983
1982
8. M. Lockwood
► Thermal ion flows in the topside auroral ionosphere and the effects of low‐altitude, transverse acceleration
Planet. Space Sci., 30, 595‐609, doi: 10.1016/0032-0633(82)90168-4, 1982
7. P.A. Bradley and M. Lockwood
Simplified estimation of HF sky‐wave mode reliability
IEE Conf. Publ. 206, 60‐64, 1982
6. M. Lockwood and J.E. Titheridge
► Departures from diffusive equilibrium in the topside F‐layer from satellite soundings
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 44, 425‐440, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(82)90049-6, 1982
1981
5. M. Lockwood
► A simple model of the effects of the mid‐latitude total ion trough in the bottomside F layer on
HF radiowave propagation
Radio Sci., 16, 385‐391, doi: 10.1029/RS016i003p00385, 1981
4. M. Lockwood and J.E. Titheridge
► Ionospheric origin of magnetospheric O+ ions
Geophys. Res. Lett., 8, 381‐384, doi: 10.1029/GL008i004p00381, 1981
1980
3. P.A. Bradley and M. Lockwood
Ionospheric predictions for HF radio systems: the future
AGARD Conf. Proc. 295, (32)1‐(32)13, 1980
2. M. Lockwood and V.B. Mitchell
► Oblique HF radiowave propagation in the main trough region of the ionosphere
Rad. and Elect. Eng., 50, 559‐566, doi: 10.1049/ree.1980.0082, 1980
1. M. Lockwood
► The bottomside mid‐latitude ionospheric trough
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 42, 605‐615, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(80)90095-1, 1980
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