Mike Lockwood ‐ Publications

In preparation

366. M. Lockwood, M. J. Owens and A. Macneil
On the origin of otho-gardenhose heliospheric flux
J. Solar Phys., to be submitted (2018)

365. M. Lockwood, A. Chambodut , I. D. Finch, L. A. Barnard , and M. J. Owens
Time-of-day / time-of-year response functions of planetary geomagnetic indices
J. Space Weather Space Clim., to be submitted (2018)

Submitted

364. S. Bentley, C. Watt, J. Rae, M. Owens, K. Murphy, M. Lockwood, and J. Sandhu
Capturing uncertainty in magnetospheric ultra-low frequency wave models
Space Weather, submitted, 2018

In Press

363. M. Lockwood, S. Bentley, M.J. Owens, L.A. Barnard, C.J. Scott, C.E. Watt, O. Allanson and M.P. Freeman
The development of a space climatology: 3. The evolution of distributions of space weather parameters with timescale
Space Weather, in press, doi: 10.1029/2018SW002017 (2018)

362. M. Lockwood, S. Bentley, M.J. Owens, L.A. Barnard, C.J. Scott, C.E. Watt, O. Allanson and M.P. Freeman
The development of a space climatology: 2. The distribution of power input into the magnetosphere on a 3‐hourly timescale
Space Weather, in press, doi: 10.1029/2018SW002016 (2018)

361. M. Lockwood, S. Bentley, M.J. Owens, L.A. Barnard, C.J. Scott, C.E. Watt, and O. Allanson
The development of a space climatology: 1. Solar‐wind magnetosphere coupling as a function of timescale and the effect of data gaps
Space Weather, in press, doi: 10.1029/2018SW001856 (2018)
★ advanced copy from journal

2018

360. M. Lockwood, I.D. Finch, A. Chambodut, L.A. Barnard, M.J. Owens, and E. Clarke
► A homogeneous aa index: 2. hemispheric asymmetries and the equinoctial variation
J. Space Weather Space Clim., 8, A58, doi: 10.1051/swsc/2018044 (2018)
★ reprint fom journal
► Supplementary Material: 3 hourly values of the new aa index
► Supplementary Material: Daily values new aa index

359. M. Lockwood, A. Chambodut, L.A. Barnard, M.J. Owens, E. Clarke, and V. Mendel
► A homogeneous aa index: 1. Secular variation
J. Space Weather Space Clim., 8, A53, doi: 10.1051/swsc/2018038 (2018)
★ reprint fom journal
► Supplementary Material: annual means of the new aa index
► Supplementary Material: factors used to derive new aa index

358. M.J. Owens, M. Lockwood, P. Riley, and L.A. Barnard
Long‐term variations in the heliosphere
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union, 13(S340), 108‐114. doi:10.1017/S1743921318000972 (2018)
★ reprint from journal:

357. M. Lockwood
On MISTs and mellow fruitfulness
Astron. and Geophys., 59 (6), 6.14‐6.18, 2018. doi: 10.1093/astrogeo/aty272
► preprint
★ reprint from journal (free access):

356. M.J. Owens, M. Lockwood, L.A. Barnard, and A.R. MacNeil
Generation of inverted heliospheric magnetic flux by coronal loop opening and slow solar wind release
Astrophys. J. Lett., 868, L14 (5pp), 2018, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aaee82

355. M. J. Owens, M. Lockwood and L.A. Barnard
► Ion charge states and potential geoeffectiveness: The role of coronal spectroscopy for space‐weather forecasting
Space Weather, 16 , doi: 10.1029/2018SW001855, (2018)
★ reprint from journal (open access)

354. L.A. Barnard, K.G. McCracken, M.J. Owens, and M. Lockwood
► What can the annual 10Be solar activity reconstructions tell us about historic space weather?
J. Space Weather Space Clim., 8, A23, doi: 10.1051/swsc/2018014 (2018)
★ reprint from journal (open access)

353. Q.-H. Zhang, M. Lockwood, J. C. Foster, Q.-G. Zong, M. W. Dunlop, S.‐R. Zhang, J.I. Moen, and B.‐C. Zhang
Observations of the step‐like accelerating processes of cold ions in the reconnection layer at the dayside magnetopause
Science Bulletin, 63 (1), 31‐37, doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.01.003 (2018)

352. M. Lockwood, M.J. Owens, L.A. Barnard, C.J. Scott, C.E. Watt and S. Bentley
► Space Climate and Space Weather over the past 400 years: 2. Proxy indicators of geomagnetic storm and substorm occurrence
J. Space Weather Space Clim., 8, A12, doi: 10.1051/swsc/2017048 (2018)
★ reprint from journal (open access)

2017

351. M.J. Owens, M. Lockwood, P. Riley and J. Linker
► Sunward strahl: A method to unambiguously determine open solar flux from in situ spacecraft measurements using suprathermal electron data
J. Geophys. Res., Space Physics, 122, doi: 10.1002/2017JA024631 (2017)
★ reprint from journal (open access)

350. M.J. Owens, M. Lockwood, E. Hawkins, I.G. Usoskin, G.S. Jones, L.A. Barnard, A. Schurer, and J. Fasullo
► The Maunder Minimum and the Little Ice Age: An update from recent reconstructions and climate simulations
J. Space Weather Space Clim., 7, A33, doi: 10.1051/swsc/2017034 (2017)
★ reprint from journal (open access)

349. M. Lockwood, M.J. Owens, L.A. Barnard, C.J. Scott, and C.E. Watt
► Space Climate and Space Weather over the past 400 years: 1. The Power input to the Magnetosphere
J. Space Weather Space Clim., 7, A25, doi: 10.1051/swsc/2017019 (2017)
★ reprint from journal (open access)

348. M.K. James, S.M. Imber, E.J. Bunce, T.K.Yeoman, M. Lockwood, M.J. Owens and J.A. Slavin
Interplanetary magnetic field properties and variability near Mercury's orbit
J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics,122,7907&8208;7924, doi:10.1002/2017JA024435 (2017)
★ reprint from journal (open access)

347. Q.‐H. Zhang, Y. Ma, P. T. Jayachandran, J. Moen, M. Lockwood, Y.‐L. Zhang, J. C. Foster, S.&8208;R., Zhang, Y. Wang, D. R. Themens, B.‐C. Zhang, and Z.Y. Xing
Polar cap hot patches: enhanced density structures different from the classical patches in the ionosphere
Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 8159‐8167, doi:10.1002/2017GL073439 (2017)
★ reprint from journal

346. S. Thomas, M. Owens, M. Lockwood, and C. Owens
► Decadal trends in the diurnal variation of galactic cosmic rays observed using neutron monitor data
Annales Geophys., 35, 825&8208;838 doi: 10.5194/angeo-35-825-2017 (2017)
★ reprint from journal (open access)

345. M.J. Owens, M. Lockwood, and L.A. Barnard
► Coronal mass ejections are not coherent magnetohydrodynamic structures
Nature, Scientific Reports, 7, Article # 4152, doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04546-3 (2017)
★ reprint from journal (open access)

344. M. Lockwood, M.J. Owens, S.M. Imber, M.K. James, E.J. Bunce, and T.K. Yeoman
► Coronal and heliospheric magnetic flux circulation and its relation to open solar flux evolution
J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 122 (6), 5870‐5894, doi:10.1002/2016JA023644 (2017)
★ reprint from journal (open access)

343. M. Lockwood, M.J. Owens, E. Hawkins, G.S. Jones and I.G. Usoskin
► Frost fairs, sunspots and the Little Ice Age
Astronomy and Geophysics, 58 (2), 2.17‐2.23, doi: 10.1093/astrogeo/atx057 (2017)

342. M.J. Owens, M. Lockwood, P. Riley
► Global solar wind variations over the last four centuries
Nature, Scientific Reports., 7, Article number 41548, doi:10.1038/srep41548 (2017)
★ reprint from journal (open access)

2016

341. M. Lockwood, M.J. Owens, L.A. Barnard
► Tests of sunspot number sequences: 4. Discontinuities around 1945 in various sunspot number and sunspot group number reconstructions
Sol. Phys., 291, 2843‐2867, doi: 10.1007/s11207-016-0967-1 (2016)
★ preprint from journal (open access)

340. Q.‐H. Zhang, J.I. Moen, M. Lockwood, I. McCrea, B.‐C. Zhang, K. A. McWilliams, Q.‐G. Zong, S.‐R. Zhang, J. M. Ruohoniemi, E. G. Thomas, M. Dunlop, R.‐Y. Liu, H.‐Q. Hu, and M. Lester
► Polar cap patch transportation beyond the classic scenario
J. geophys. Res. Space Physics, 121, 9063 9074, doi:10.1002/2016JA022443 (2016)
★ reprint from journal (open access)

339. M.J. Owens, E. Cliver, K. McCracken, J. Beer, L.A. Barnard, M. Lockwood, A.P. Rouillard, D. Passos, P. Riley, I.G. Usoskin, Y.‐M. Wang
► Near‐Earth Heliospheric Magnetic Field Intensity since 1800. Part 2: Cosmogenic Radionuclide Reconstructions
J. Geophys. Res., 121 (7), 6064‐6074, doi: 10.1002/2016JA022550 (2016)
★ reprint from journal (open access)

338. M.J. Owens, E. Cliver, K. McCracken, J. Beer, L.A. Barnard, M. Lockwood, A.P. Rouillard, D. Passos, P. Riley, I.G. Usoskin, Y.‐M. Wang
► Near‐Earth Heliospheric Magnetic Field Intensity since 1800. Part 1: Sunspot and Geomagnetic Reconstructions
J. Geophys. Res., 121 (7), 6048‐6063, doi: 10.1002/2016JA022529 (2016)
★ reprint from journal (open access)

337. M. Lockwood
► Jim Dungey, the open magnetosphere, and space weather
Space Weather, 14, 380 383, doi: 10.1002/2016SW001438 (2016)
★ reprint from journal (open access)

336. M. Lockwood, M.J. Owens, L.A. Barnard S. Bentley, C.J. Scott, and C.E. Watt
► On the Origins and Timescales of Geoeffective IMF
Space Weather, 14, 406 432, doi: 10.1002/2016SW001375 (2016)
★ reprint from journal (open access)

335. M. Lockwood, M.J. Owens, L.A. Barnard, C.J. Scott, I.G. Usoskin, and H. Nevanlinna
► Tests of sunspot number sequences: 2. Using geomagnetic and auroral data
Sol. Phys., 291, 2811 2828, doi: 10.1007/s11207-016-0913-2 (2016)
★ preprint from journal (open access)

334. M. Lockwood, M.J. Owens, E. L.A. Barnard, and I.G. Usoskin,
An assessment of sunspot number data composites over 1845‐2014
Astrophys. J., 824, 54 (17pp), doi: 10.3847/0004-637X/824/1/54 (2016)
★ preprint from arXiv

333. Y. Wang, Q.‐H. Zhang, P.T. Jayachandran, M. Lockwood, S.‐R. Zhang, J. Moen, Z.‐Y. Xing, Y.‐Z. Ma, and M.E. Lester
► A comparison between large‐scale irregularities and scintillations in the polar ionosphere
Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, doi: 10.1002/2016GL069230. (2016)
★ reprint from journal (open access).

332. Q.‐H. Zhang, Q.‐G. Zong, M. Lockwood, R.A. Heelis, M. Hairston, J. Liang, I.W. McCrea, B.‐C. Zhang, J.I. Moen, S.‐R. Zhang, Y.‐L. Zhang, J.M. Ruohoniemi, M. Lester, E.G. Thomas, R.‐Y. Liu, M.W. Dunlop, Y.C.‐M. Liu and Y.Z. Ma
► Earth's ion upflow associated with polar cap patches: global and in‐situ observations
Geophys. Res. Lett., 43(5), 1845‐1853, doi: 10.1002/2016GL067897 (2016)
★ reprint from journal (open access).

331. M. Lockwood, C.J. Scott, M.J. Owens, L.A. Barnard and D.M. Willis
► Tests of sunspot number sequences: 1. Using ionosonde data
Sol. Phys., 291, 2785 2809, doi: 10.1007/s11207-016-0855-8 (2016)
★ reprint from journal (open access).

330. I. G. Usoskin, G.A. Kovaltsov, M. Lockwood, K. Mursula, M.J. Owens, and S.K. Solanki
► A new calibrated sunspot group series since 1749: statistics of active day fractions
Sol. Phys., 291, 2685 2708, doi: 10.1007/s11207-015-0838-1 (2016)
★ preprint from journal (open access)

329. M. Lockwood, M.J. Owens, L.A. Barnard, and I.G. Usoskin
► Tests of sunspot number sequences: 3. Effects of regression procedures on the calibration of historic sunspot data
Sol. Phys., 291, 2829 2841, doi: 10.1007/s11207-015-0829-2 (2016)
★ reprint from journal (open access).

2015

328. M.J. Owens, C.J. Scott, A.J. Bennett, S.R. Thomas, M. Lockwood, and R.G. Harrison
► Lightning as a space‐weather hazard: UK thunderstorm activity modulated by the passage of the heliospheric current sheet
Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 9624 9632, doi:10.1002/2015GL066802 (2015)
★ reprint from journal.

327. L. Barnard, C.J. Scott, M. Owens, M. Lockwood, S.R. Crothers, J.A.Davies, R.A. Harrison
► Differences between the CME fronts tracked by an expert, an automated algorithm and the Solar Stormwatch project
Space Weather, 13, doi: 10.1002/2015SW001280, 2015
★ reprint from journal.

326. A. C. Maycock, S. Ineson, L. J. Gray, A. A. Scaife, J. A. Anstey, M. Lockwood, N. Butchart, S. C. Hardiman, D. M. Mitchell, and S. M. Osprey
► Possible impacts of a future Grand Solar Minimum on climate: Stratospheric and global circulation changes
J. Geophys. Res. (Atmos.), 120, 9043 9058, doi: 10.1002/2014JD022022, 2015
★ reprint from journal.

325. M.J. Owens, M. Lockwood, L. Barnard, K. McCracken
► The heliospheric Hale cycle over the last 300 years and its implications for a "lost" late 18th century solar cycle
J. Space Weather Space Clim., 5, A30, 2015, doi: 10.1051/swsc/2015032, 2015
★ reprint from journal.

324. I. G. Usoskin, R. Arlt, E. Asvestari, E. Hawkins, M. Käpylä, G.A. Kovaltsov, N. Krivova, M. Lockwood, K. Mursula, J. O'Reilly, M. Owens, C. J. Scott, D. D. Sokoloff, S. K. Solanki, W. Soon, and J. M. Vaquero
► The Maunder minimum (1645-1715) was indeed a Grand minimum: A reassessment of multiple datasets
Astron. and Astophys., 581, A95, doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201526652, 2015
★ preprint from arXiv

323. Q. H. Zhang, M. Lockwood, J.C. Foster, S. R. Zhang, B. C. Zhang, I.W. McCrea, J. Moen, M. Lester and J.M. Ruohoniemi
►Direct observations of the full Dungey convection cycle in the polar ionosphere for southward interplanetary magnetic field conditions
J. Geophys. Res. (Space), 120 (6), 4519‐4530, doi: 10.1002/2015JA021172, 2015
★ reprint from journal.

322. L. Barnard C.J. Scott, M.J. Owens, M. Lockwood, K. Tucker‐Hood, J. Wilkinson, B. Harder, and E. Baeten
►Solar Stormwatch: tracking solar eruptions
Astron. and Geophys., 56 (4), 4.20‐4.24, doi:10.1093/astrogeo/atv131, 2015

321. M. Lockwood and L. Barnard
►An arch in the UK: a new catalogue of auroral observations made in the British Isles and Ireland
Astron. and Geophys., 56 (4), 4.25‐4.30, doi: 10.1093/astrogeo/atv132, 2015

320. C. Huntingford, T. Marsh, A.A. Scaife, E.J. Kendon, J. Hannaford, A.L. Kay, M. Lockwood, C. Prudhomme, N.S. Reynard, S. Parry, J.A. Lowe, J.A. Screen, H.C. Ward, M. Roberts, P.A. Stott, V.A. Bell, M. Bailey, A. Jenkins, T. Legg, F.E.L. Otto, N. Massey, N. Schaller, J. Slingo and M.R. Allen
Reply to "Drivers of the 2013/14 winter floods in the UK"
Nature Climate Change, 5 (6), 491‐492, doi: 10.1038/nclimate2613, 2015

319. S. Ineson, A.C. Maycock, L. J. Gray, A.A. Scaife, N.J. Dunstone, J.W. Harder, J.R. Knight, M. Lockwood, J.C. Manners and R.A. Wood
►Regional Climate Impacts of a Possible Future Grand Solar Minimum
Nature Communications, 6, Article number 7535, doi: 10.1038/ncomms8535, 2015
★ reprint from journal.

318. D. Frühauff, K.‐H. Glaßmeier, M. Lockwood and D. Heyner
Extracting planetary waves from geomagnetic time series using Empirical Mode Decomposition
J. Atmos. and Sol.‐Terr. Phys., 129, 6‐12. doi: 10.1016/j.jastp.2015.04.002, 2015

317. P. Riley, R. Lionello, J. A. Linker, E. Cliver, A. Balogh, J. Beer, P. Charbonneau, N. Crooker, M. DeRosa, M. Lockwood, M. Owens, K. McCracken, I. Usoskin, S. Koutchmy
Inferring the Structure of the Solar Corona and Inner Heliosphere During the Maunder Minimum using Global Thermodynamic MHD Simulations
Astrophys. J., 802, 105 (14pp), doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/802/2/105, 2015

316. K. Aplin and M. Lockwood
Further considerations of cosmic ray modulation of infra‐red radiation in the atmosphere
Astroparticle Physics, 68, 52 60, doi: 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2015.03.001, 2015

315. S.R. Thomas, M.J. Owens, and M. Lockwood, L. Barnard, C.J. Scott
►Near‐earth cosmic ray decreases associated with remote coronal mass ejections
Astrophys. J., 801(5) (8pp), doi:10.1088/0004-637X/801/1/5, 2015

2014

314. L. Barnard, C.J. Scott, M.J. Owens, M. Lockwood, K. Tucker‐Hood, S. Thomas, S.R. Crothers, J. Davies, R. Harrison, C. Lintott, A. Smith, R. Simpson, N. Waterson, J. O'Donnell, S. Bamford, F. Romeo, M. Kukula, N. Savani, J. Wilkinson, E. Baeten, L. Poeffel, and B. Harder
►The Solar Stormwatch CME catalogue: Results from the first space weather citizen science project
Space Weather, 12, 657 674, doi: 10.1002/2014SW001119, 2014
★ reprint from journal.

313. M.J. Owens, C.J. Scott, M. Lockwood, L. Barnard, R.G. Harrison, K. Nicoll, C. Watt, and A.J. Bennett
► Modulation of UK lightning by heliospheric magnetic field polarity
Environ. Res. Lett., 9, article # 115009 (6pp), doi:10.1088/1748-9326/9/11/115009, 2014
★ reprint from journal

312. S.R. Thomas, M.J. Owens, and M. Lockwood
► Galactic Cosmic Rays in the Heliosphere
Astron. & Geophys., 55 (5), 5.23‐5.25, doi:10.1093/astrogeo/atu214, 2014

311. C. Huntingford, T. Marsh, A.A. Scaife, E.J. Kendon, J. Hannaford, A.L. Kay, M. Lockwood, C. Prudhomme, N.S. Reynard, S. Parry, J.A. Lowe, J.A. Screen, H.C. Ward, M. Roberts, P.A. Stott, V.A. Bell, M. Bailey, A. Jenkins, T. Legg, F.E.L. Otto, N. Massey, N. Schaller, J. Slingo and M.R. Allen
►Potential influences in the United Kingdom's floods of winter 2013/14
Nature Climate Change, 4, 769 777, doi: 10.1038/NCLIMATE2314, 2014
★ reprint from journal

310. M. Lockwood, and M.J. Owens
► Centennial variations in sunspot number, open solar flux and streamer belt width: 3. Modelling
J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 119 (7), 5193 5209, doi: 10.1002/2014JA019973, 2014
★ reprint from journal.

309. M. Lockwood, M.J. Owens, and L. Barnard
►Centennial variations in sunspot number, open solar flux and streamer belt width: 2. Comparison with geomagnetic data
J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 119 (7), 5183 5192, doi: 10.1002/2014JA019972, 2014
★ reprint from journal.

308. M. Lockwood, M.J. Owens, and L. Barnard
► Centennial variations in sunspot number, open solar flux and streamer belt width: 1. Correction of the sunspot number record since 1874
J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 119 (7), 5172 5182, doi: 10.1002/2014JA019970, 2014
★ reprint from journal.

307. C.J. Scott, R.G. Harrison, M.J. Owens, M. Lockwood, and L. Barnard
► Evidence for solar wind modulation of lightning .
Env. Res. Lett., 9, 055004, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/9/5/055004, 2014
★ reprint from journal.

306. S.R. Thomas, M.J. Owens, M. Lockwood and C.J. Scott
►Galactic Cosmic Ray Modulation near the Heliospheric Current Sheet
Sol. Phys., 289 (7), 2653‐2668, doi: 10.1007/s11207-014-0493-y, 2014

305. M. Lockwood, H. Nevanlinna, L. Barnard, M.J. Owens, R.G. Harrison, A.P. Rouillard, and C.J. Scott
► Reconstruction of Geomagnetic Activity and Near‐Earth Interplanetary Conditions over the Past 167 Years: 4. Near‐Earth Solar Wind Speed, IMF, and Open Solar Flux
Annales. Geophys., 32, 383‐399, doi:10.5194/angeo-32-383-2014, 2014
★ reprint from journal.
► supplementary data file (ascii text) (contains IMF, solar wind speed and OSF reconstructions for 1845‐2012, with full 2σ uncertainties computed using a Monte‐Carlo technique, plus the IDV(1d) and corrected aa geomagnetic indices)

304. M. Lockwood, H. Nevanlinna, M. Vokhmyanin, D. Ponyavin, S. Sokolov, L. Barnard, M.J. Owens, R. G. Harrison, A.P. Rouillard, and C.J. Scott
► Reconstruction of Geomagnetic Activity and Near‐Earth Interplanetary Conditions over the Past 167 Years: 3. Improved representation of solar cycle 11
Annales. Geophys., 32, 367‐381, doi:10.5194/angeo-32-367-2014, 2014
★ reprint from journal.

303. M.J. Owens, N.U. Crooker, and M. Lockwood
► Solar cycle evolution of dipolar and pseudostreamer belts and their relation to the slow solar wind
. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 119, doi:10.1002/2013JA019412, 2014

302. M. Lockwood and M.J. Owens
► Implications of the recent low solar minimum for the solar wind during the Maunder minimum
Astrophys. J. Lett., 781:L7, doi:10.1088/2041-8205/781/1/L7, 2014

2013

301. M. Lockwood, L. Barnard, H. Nevanlinna, M.J. Owens, R.G. Harrison, A.P. Rouillard, and C.J. Davis
► Reconstruction of geomagnetic activity and near-Earth interplanetary conditions over the past 167 yr - Part 2: A new reconstruction of the interplanetary magnetic field
Annales Geophysicae, 31, 1979‐1992, doi:10.5194/angeo-31-1979-2013, 2013
★ reprint from journal

300. M. Lockwood, L. Barnard, H. Nevanlinna, M.J. Owens, R.G. Harrison, A.P. Rouillard, and C.J. Davis
► Reconstruction of geomagnetic activity and near-Earth interplanetary conditions over the past 167 yr - Part 1: A new geomagnetic data composite
Annales Geophysicae, 31, 1957‐1977, doi:10.5194/angeo-31-1957-2013, 2013
★reprint from journal.

299. M. Lockwood
Solar Induced Climate Effects
in Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology
ed. Robert Meyers, Springer, 2013. ISBN 978-0-387-89469-0

298. M. Lockwood
► Reconstruction and Prediction of Variations in the Open Solar Magnetic Flux and Interplanetary Conditions
Living Reviews in Solar Physics, 10, 4, 2013. doi: 10.12942/lrsp-2013-4
★ reprint from journal.

297. Q. H. Zhang, B. C. Zhang, J. Moen, M. Lockwood, I. W. McCrea, H. G. Yang, H. Q. Hu, R. Y. Liu, S. R. Zhang and M. Lester
► Polar cap patch segmentation of the tongue of ionization in the morning convection cell
Geophys. Res. Lett., 40(12), 2918 2922 doi: 10.1002/grl.50616, 2013

296. S.R. Thomas, M.J. Owens and M. Lockwood
► The 22-Year Hale Cycle in Cosmic Ray Flux - Evidence for Direct Heliospheric Modulation
Sol. Phys., 286 (1), 407‐421, doi: 10.1007/s11207-013-0341-5, 2013.

295. M.J. Owens, N.U. Crooker, and M. Lockwood
► Solar origin of heliospheric magnetic field inversions: Evidence for coronal magnetic loop opening within pseudostreamers
J. Geophys. Res., 118 (5), 1868 1879, 2013. doi: 10.1002/jgra.50259, 2013

294. M. Lockwood and M.J. Owens
► Comment on "What causes the flux excess in the heliospheric magnetic field?" by E.J. Smith
J. Geophys. Res., 118 (5), 1880 1887, 2013. doi: 10.1002/jgra50223, 2013

293. Q. H. Zhang, B. C. Zhang, M. Lockwood, H. Q. Hu, J. Moen, J.M. Ruohoniemi, E.G. Thomas, S. R. Zhang, H. G. Yang, R. Y. Liu, K.A. McWilliams, and J.B.H. Baker
Direct Observations of the Evolution of Polar Cap Ionization Patches
Science, 339, 1597‐1600, 2013. doi: 10.1126/science.1231487, 2013
★ reprint from journal

292. K. L. Aplin and M. Lockwood
►Cosmic ray modulation of infra‐red radiation in the atmosphere
Environ. Res. Lett., 8, 015026, 2013. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/015026, 2013

2012

291. M.J. Owens, M. Lockwood and I. Usoskin
► Heliospheric modulation of galactic cosmic rays during grand solar minima: Past and future variations
Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L19102, 2012. doi:10.1029/2012GL053151, 2012;

290. Zhang, Q.‐H. M.W. Dunlop, M. Lockwood, B. Lavraud, Y.V. Bogdanova, H. Hasegawa,H.‐G. Yang, R.‐Y. Liu, H.‐Q. Hu, B.‐C. Zhang, Z.‐Y. Pu, Z.‐W. Yang, J. Wang, M.G.G.T. Taylor, J. Berchem, D. Constantinescu, M. Volwerk, H. Frey, A. N. Fazakerley, C. Shen, J.‐K. Shi, D. Sibeck, P. Escoubet, and J. A. Wild
► Inner plasma structure of the low‐latitude reconnection layer
J. Geophys. Res., 117, A08205, 2012. doi:10.1029/2012JA017622, 2012

289. M. Lockwood, M.J. Owens, L. Barnard, C.J. Davis and S. Thomas
► Solar cycle 24: What is the Sun up to?
Astron & Geophys, 53 (3), 3.09 3.15, 2012. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-4004.2012.53309.x, 2012

288. M. Lockwood
► Solar Influence on Global and Regional Climate
Surveys in Geophysics, 33 (3), 503‐534, doi: 10.1007/s10712-012-9181-3, 2012
★ reprint from journal

287. M.J. Owens and M. Lockwood
► Cyclic loss of open solar flux since 1868: The link to heliospheric current sheet tilt and implications for the Maunder Minimum
J. Geophys. Res., 117, A04102, doi:10.1029/2011JA017193, 2012.

286. C. J. Davis, J. A. Davies, M. J. Owens, and M. Lockwood
► Predicting the arrival of high‐speed solar wind streams at Earth using the STEREO Heliospheric Imagers
Space Weather ‐ The International Journal of Research and Applications , 10, S02003, doi: 10.1029/2011SW000737, 2012

285. G.S. Jones, M. Lockwood, and P.A. Stott
► What influence will future solar activity changes over the 21st century have on projected global near surface temperature changes?
J. Geophys. Res. (Atmos.), 117, D05103, doi:10.1029/2011JD017013, 2012;

2011

284. M. Lockwood, M.J. Owens, L. Barnard, C.J. Davis, and F. Steinhilber
► The Persistence of Solar Activity Indicators and the Descent of the Sun into Maunder Minimum Conditions
Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L22105, doi:10.1029/2011GL049811, 2011;

283. M.J. Owens, M. Lockwood, L. Barnard, and C.J. Davis
► Solar cycle 24: Implications for energetic particles and the probability of a new Maunder Minimum
Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L19106, doi:10.1029/2011GL049328, 2011

282. Q.‐H. Zhang, M. W. Dunlop, M. Lockwood, R. Holme, Y. Kamide, W. Baumjohann, H.‐G. Yang, E. E. Woodfield, H.‐Q. Hu, B.‐C. Zhang, and S.‐L. Liu
► The distribution of the ring current: Cluster observations
Annales Geophys., 29, 1655 1662, doi:10.5194/angeo-29-1655-2011, 2011

281. R.G. Harrison, M.H.P. Ambaum and M. Lockwood
► Cloud base height and cosmic rays
Proc. R. Soc. A, 467, 2777‐2791, doi: 10.1098/rspa.2011.0040, 2011

280. M. Lockwood
► Was spectral solar irradiance lower during the recent low sunspot minimum?
J. Geophys. Res. (Atmospheres), 116, D16103, doi:10.1029/2010JD014746, 2011

279. L. Barnard, M. Lockwood, M.A. Hapgood, M.J. Owens, C.J. Davis, and F. Steinhilber
► Predicting Space Climate Change
Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L16103, doi:10.1029/2011GL048489, 2011

278. M.W. Dunlop, Q.‐H. Zhang, Y.V. Bogdanova, M. Lockwood, Z. Pu, H. Hasegawa, J. Wang, M.G.G.T. Taylor, J. Berchem, B. Lavraud, J. Eastwood, M. Volverk, C. Shen, J.‐K. Shi, D. Constantinescu, H. Frey, A.N. Fazakerley, D. Sibeck, P. Escoubet, J.A. Wild and Z.‐X. Liu
► Extended Magnetic Reconnection across the Dayside Magnetopause
Phys. Rev. Lett., 107 (2), 025004, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.025004, 2011

277. M. Lockwood, R.G. Harrison, M.J. Owens, L. Barnard, T. Woollings, and F. Steinhilber
► The solar influence on the probability of relatively cold UK winters in the future
Environ. Res. Lett., 6, 034004, doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/6/3/034004, 2011

276. M. Lockwood
► Shining a light on solar impacts
Nature Climate Change, 1, 98‐99, doi:10.1038/nclimate1096, 2011

275. Q.‐H. Zhang, B.;‐C. Zhang, R.‐Y. Liu, M. W. Dunlop, M. Lockwood, J. Moen, H.‐G. Yang, H.‐Q. Hu, Z.‐J. Hu, S.‐L. Liu, I. W. McCrea, M. Lester
► On the importance of IMF |BY| on polar cap patch formation
J. Geophys. Res., 116, A05308, doi:10.1029/2010JA016287, 2011

274. M.J. Owens, N.U. Crooker, and M. Lockwood
► How is open solar magnetic flux lost over the solar cycle?
J. Geophys. Res., 116, A04111, doi: 10.1029/2010JA016039, 2011

273. M. Lockwood, and M.J. Owens
► Centennial changes in the heliospheric magnetic field and open solar flux: the consensus view from geomagnetic data and cosmogenic isotopes and its implications
J. Geophys. Res., 116, A04109, doi:10.1029/2010JA016220, 2011

272. L. Barnard and M. Lockwood
► A survey of gradual solar energetic particle events
J. Geophys. Res., 116, A05103, doi:10.1029/2010JA016133, 2011

2010

271. Q.H. Zhang, M.W. Dunlop, M. Lockwood, R.Y. Liu, H.Q. Hu , H.G. Yang, Z.J. Hu, Y.V. Bogdanova, C. Shen, , B.C. Zhang, D.S. Han, and I. W. McCrea
► Simultaneous observations of reconnection pulses at Cluster and their effects on the cusp aurora seen at Chinese Yellow River Station
J. Geophys. Res., 115, A10237, doi:10.1029/2010JA015526, 2010

270. L.J. Gray, J. Beer, M. Geller, J.D. Haigh, M. Lockwood, K. Matthes, U. Cubasch, D. Fleitmann, R.G. Harrison, L. Hood, J. Luterbacher, N. Marsh, D. Shindell, B. van Geel, W. White
► Solar Influences on Climate
Rev. Geophys., 48, RG4001, doi:10.1029/2009RG000282, 2010
★ reprint from journal

269. T. Woollings, M. Lockwood, G. Masato, C. Bell and L. Gray
► Enhanced signature of solar variability in Eurasian winter climate
Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L20805, doi:10.1029/2010GL044601, 2010

268. J. Duplissy, M. B. Enghoff, K. L. Aplin, F. Arnold, H. Aufmhoff, M. Avngaard, U. Baltensperger, T. Bondo, R. Bingham, K. Carslaw, J. Curtius, A. David, B. Fastrup, S. Gagné, F. Hahn, R. G. Harrison, B. Kellett, J. Kirkby, M. Kulmala, L. Laakso, A. Laaksonen, E. Lillestol, M. Lockwood, J. Mäkelä, V. Makhmutov, N. D. Marsh, T. Nieminen, A. Onnela, E. Pedersen, J. O. P. Pedersen, J. Polny, U. Reichl, J. H. Seinfeld, M. Sipilä, Y. Stozhkov, F. Stratmann, H. Svensmark, J. Svensmark, R. Veenhof, B. Verheggen, Y. Viisanen, P. E. Wagner, G. Wehrle, E. Weingartner, H. Wex, M. Wilhelmsson, and P. M. Winkler
► Results from the CERN pilot CLOUD experiment
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1635‐1647, doi:10.5194/acp-10-1635-2010, 2010

267. M. Lockwood, C. Bell, T. Woollings, R.G. Harrison, L.J. Gray, and J.D. Haigh
► Top‐down solar modulation of climate: evidence for centennial‐scale change
Environ. Res. Lett., 5, 034008, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/5/3/034008, 2010
★ reprint from journal

266. M. Lockwood, R.G. Harrison,T. Woollings, and S.K. Solanki
► Are cold winters in Europe associated with low solar activity?
Environ. Res. Lett., 5, 024001, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/024001, 2010
★ reprint from journal

265. A.P. Rouillard, B. Lavraud, J.A. Davies, L.F. Burlaga, N.P. Savani, R.J. Forsyth, J.‐A. Sauvaud, A. Opitz, M. Lockwood, J.G. Luhmann, K.D.C. Simunac, A.B. Galvin, C.J. Davis, R.A. Harrison
► Intermittent release of small‐scale transients in the slow solar wind: II, In‐situ evidence
J. Geophys. Res., 115, A04104, doi:10.1029/2009JA014472, 2010

264. A.P. Rouillard, J.A. Davies, B. Lavraud, R.J. Forsyth, N.P. Savani, D. Bewsher, D.S. Brown, N.R. Sheeley, C.J. Davis, R.A. Harrison, M. Lockwood, S.R. Crothers, C.J. Eyles
► Intermittent release of small‐scale transients in the slow solar wind: I, Remote sensing observations
J. Geophys. Res., 115, A04103, doi:10.1029/2009JA014471, 2010

263. M. Lockwood
► Solar change and climate: an update in the light of the current exceptional solar minimum
Proc. R. Soc. A, 466 303 329, doi:10.1098/rspa.2009.0519, 2010

2009

262. M. Lockwood, A.P. Rouillard, and I.D. Finch
► The rise and fall of open solar flux during the current grand solar maximum
Ap. J., 700 (2), 937‐944, doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/700/2/937, 2009

261. M. Lockwood and M. Owens
► The accuracy of using the Ulysses result of the spatial invariance of the radial heliospheric field to compute the open solar flux
Ap. J., 701 (2), 964‐973, doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/701/2/964, 2009

260. M. Lockwood, M. Owens, and A.P. Rouillard
► Excess Open Solar Magnetic Flux from Satellite Data: II. A survey of kinematic effects
J. Geophys. Res., 114, A11104, doi: 10.1029/2009JA014450, 2009

259. M. Lockwood, M. Owens, and A.P. Rouillard
► Excess Open Solar Magnetic Flux from Satellite Data: I. Analysis of the 3rd Perihelion Ulysses Pass
J. Geophys. Res., 114, A11103, doi:10.1029/2009JA014449, 2009

258. A.P. Rouillard, J.A. Davies, R.J. Forsyth, N.P. Savani, N.R. Sheeley, A. Thernisien, T.‐L. Zhang, R.A. Howard, B. Anderson, C.M. Carr, S. Tsang, M. Lockwood, C.J. Davis, R.A. Harrison, D. Bewsher, M. Fraenz, S.R. Crothers, C.J. Eyles, D.S. Brown, I. Whittaker, M. Hapgood, A.J. Coates, G.H. Jones, M. Grande, R.A. Frahm, and J.D. Winningham
► A solar storm observed from the Sun to Venus using the STEREO, Venus Express, and MESSENGER spacecraft
J. Geophys.Research, 114, A07106, doi:10.1029/2008JA014034

257. H.T. Cai, I.W. McCrea, M.W. Dunlop, J.A. Davies, Y. V. Bogdanova, F. Pitout, S.E. Milan, M. Lockwood, and S.Y. Ma
► Cusp observations during a sequence of fast IMF B‐Z reversals
Annales Geophys., 27 (7), 2721‐2737,doi: 10.5194/angeo-27-2721-2009, 2009

256. H.T. Cai, S.Y. Ma, I.W. McCrea, M. J.A. Davies, M. Lockwood, and S.E. Milan
Polar ionospheric responses to 4‐times rapid turnings of the IMF B‐z component‐EISCAT/ESR radar observations
Chinese Journal of Geophysics‐Chinese Edition, 52 (7), 1685‐1692, doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2009.07.002, 2009

255. C.J.Davis, J.A. Davies, M. Lockwood, A.P. Rouillard, C.J. Eyles, and R.A. Harrison
► Stereoscopic imaging of an Earth‐impacting solar coronal mass ejection: A major milestone for the STEREO mission
Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L08102, doi:10.1029/2009GL038021, 2009

254. A.P. Rouillard, N.P. Savani, J.A. Davies, B. Lavraud, R.J. Forsyth, S.K. Morley, A. Opitz, N.R. Sheeley, L.F. Burlaga, J.‐A. Sauvaud, K.D.C. Simunac, J.G. Luhmann, A.B. Galvin, S.R. Crothers, C.J. Davis, R.A. Harrison, M. Lockwood, C.J. Eyles, D. Bewsher, D.S. Brown
► A Multispacecraft Analysis of a Small‐Scale Transient Entrained by Solar Wind Streams
Solar Phys., 256(1/2), 307‐326, doi:10.1007/s11207-009-9329-6, 2009

253. M. Lockwood, M.R. Hairston, I.D. Finch, and A.P. Rouillard
► Transpolar voltage and polar cap flux during the substorm cycle and steady convection events
J. Geophys. Res., 114, A01210, doi:10.1029/2008JA013697, 2009

2008

252. S. J. Ham, H. Lee, J. M. Lee, M. Lockwood et al.
Stray light analysis of SALEX instrument
Proc. S. P. I. E. 7069, L690‐L690, doi:10.1117/12.794505, 2008

251. I. D. Finch, M. Lockwood, A. P. Rouillard
► The effects of solar wind magnetosphere coupling recorded at different geomagnetic latitudes: separation of directly‐driven and storage/release systems
Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L21105, doi:10.1029/2008GL035399, 2008

250. J.M. Sullivan, M. Lockwood, B. S. Lanchester, E. P. Kontar, N. Ivchenko, H. Dahlgren, and D. K. Whiter
► An optical study of multiple NEIAL events driven by low energy electron precipitation
Annales Geophys. 26, 2435 2447, doi: 10.5194/angeo-26-2435-2008, 2008

249. A. P Rouillard,. J. A. Davies, R. J. Forsyth, A. Rees, C. J. Davis, R. A. Harrison, M. Lockwood, D. Bewsher, S. R. Crothers, C. J. Eyles, M. Hapgood and C. H. Perry
► First imaging of corotating interaction regions using the STEREO spacecraft
Geophys. Res. Lett., 35 (10), Article Number: L10110, doi: 10.1029/2008GL033767, 2008

248. M. Lockwood
► Recent changes in solar outputs and the global mean surface temperature. III. Analysis of contributions to global mean air surface temperature rise
Proc. Roy. Soc. A, 464 (2094) , 1387‐1404, doi: 10.1098/rspa.2007.0348, 2008

247. M. Lockwood, and C. Frölich
► Recent oppositely directed trends in solar climate forcings and the global mean surface air temperature. II. Different reconstructions of the total solar irradiance variation and dependence on response time scale
Proc. Roy. Soc. A, 464 (2094) , 1367‐1385, doi: 10.1098/rspa.2007.0347, 2008

2007

246. C.M. Carr, T.S. Horbury, A. Balogh, S.D. Bale, W. Baumjohann, B. Bavassano, A. Breen, D. Burgess, P.J. Cargill, N. Crooker, G. Erdõs, L. Fletcher, R.J. Forsyth, J. Giacalone, K.‐H. Glassmeier, J. T. Hoeksema, M.L. Goldstein, M. Lockwood, W. Magnes, M. Maksimovic, E. Marsch, W. H. Matthaeus, N. Murphy, V. M. Nakariakov, J.R. Pacheco, J.‐L. Pincon, P. Riley, C.T. Russell, S. J. Schwartz, A. Szabo, M. Thompson, R. Vainio, M. Velli, S. Vennerstrom, R. Walsh, R. Wimmer‐Schweingruber, G. Zank
► A magnetometer for the Solar Orbiter mission
in "The Second Solar Orbiter Workshop", ed. L. Conroy, ESA Special Publication, ESA‐SP‐641, p. 41‐47, 2007

245. M. Lockwood
► Fly me to the Moon?
Nature Physics, 3, 669‐671, doi: 10.1038/nphys733, 2007

244. E. Priest, M. Lockwood, S. Solanki, and A. Wolfendale
► Does the sun affect the Earth's climate?
Astron. and Geophys., 48 (3), 3‐7, doi: 10.1111/j.1468-4004.2007.48307.x, 2007

243. M. Lockwood, and M.A. Hapgood
► The rough guide to the Moon and Mars
Astron. And Geophys., 48, 11‐17, doi: 10.1111/j.1468-4004.2007.48611.x, 2007

242. M. Lockwood, and C. Frölich
► Recent oppositely directed trends in solar climate forcings and the global mean surface air temperature
Proc. Roy. Soc. A, 463 , 2447‐2460, doi:10.1098/rspa.2007.1880, 2007

241. A.P. Rouillard, and M. Lockwood
► The latitudinal effect of co‐rotating interaction regions on galactic cosmic rays
Solar Phys., 245, 191‐206, doi: 10.1007/s11207-007-9019-1, 2007

240. A.P. Rouillard, and M. Lockwood
► Centennial changes in solar activity and the response of galactic cosmic rays
Adv. Space Res., 40(7), 1078‐1086, doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2007.02.096, 2007

239. A.P. Rouillard, M. Lockwood, and I. Finch
► Centennial changes in the solar wind speed and in the open solar flux
J. Geophys. Res., 112, A05103, doi:10.1029/2006JA012130, 2007

238. I. Finch, and M. Lockwood
► Solar wind‐magnetosphere coupling functions on timescales of 1 day to 1 year
Annales Geophys., 25, 495‐506, doi: 10.5194/angeo-25-495-2007, 2007

2006

237. M.W. Dunlop, M. G. G. T. Taylor, J. A. Davies, Z. Pu, A.N. Fazakerley, C.J. Owen, Y. V. Bogdanova, F. Pitout, H. Laakso, Q.‐G. Zong, C. Shen, K. Nykyri, B. Lavraud, S. E. Milan, Z.‐X. Liu, C. P. Escoubet, H. Rème, C. M. Carr, P. Cargill, T. D. Phan, M. Lockwood and B. Sonnerup,
► Comparative Cluster/Double Star Observations of the High and Low Latitude Dayside Magnetopause
Proc. Cluster and Double Star Symposium, 5th Anniv. of Cluster in Space, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, September 2005, Ed. K. Fletcher. ESA SP‐598, pp 19‐23, European Space Agency Publications, ESTEC, 2006

236. M. Lockwood
► What do cosmogenic isotopes tell us about past solar forcing of climate?
Space Sci. Rev., 125, 95‐109, doi: 10.1007/s11214-006-9049-2, 2006

235. J.M. Sullivan, N. Ivchenko M.Lockwood, T.Grydeland, E.M. Blixt, and B.S. Lanchester
► Phase calibration of the EISCAT Svalbard Radar interferometer using optical satellite signatures
Annales Geophys., 24, 2419 2427, doi: 10.5194/angeo-24-2419-2006, 2006

234. J.A. Davies, M.W. Dunlop, C.H. Perry, M. Lockwood, I. Alexeev, M.G.G.T. Taylor, A.N. Fazakerley, C.J. Owen, A. Marchaudon, R.H.W. Friedel, X.H. Deng, M. Grande, and P.W. Daly
► Energetic Electron Signatures in an Active Magnetotail Plasma Sheet
Adv. Space Res., 38(8), 1608‐1614, doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2006.02.012, 2006

233. M.Lockwood, A.P. Rouillard, I.D. Finch, and R. Stamper
► Comment on "The IDV index: its derivation and use in inferring long‐term variations of the interplanetary magnetic field strength" by Svalgaard and Cliver
J. Geophys. Res., 111, A09109, doi:10.1029/2006JA011640, 2006

232. S. K. Morley and M. Lockwood
► A numerical model of the ionospheric signatures of time‐varying magnetic reconnection: 3. Quasi‐instantaneous convection responses in the Cowley‐Lockwood paradigm
Annales Geophys., 24, 961 972, doi: 10.5194/angeo-24-961-2006, 2006

231. M. Lockwood, K. Throp, B.S. Lanchester, S.K. Morley, S.E. Milan, M. Lester, and H. U. Frey
► Modelling the observed proton aurora and ionospheric convection responses to changes in the IMF field clock angle: 2. The persistence of ionospheric convection
J. Geophys. Res., 111, A02306, doi:10.1029/2003JA010307, 2006

2005

230. H. Lee, S.‐W. Kim, A. Richards, I. Tosh, N. Morris, and M. Lockwood,
Stray‐light analysis of Amon‐Ra instrument
Optical Modeling and Performance Predictions II, Edited by M.A. Kahan,
Proc. S.P.I.E., 5678, 46‐57, doi: 10.1117/12.639585, 2005

229. M.W. Dunlop, M.G.G. T. Taylor, J.A. Davies, C. J. Owen, F. Pitout, A. N. Fazakerley, Z. Pu, H. Laakso, Y. V. Bogdanova, Q.‐G. Zong, C. Shen, K. Nykyri, B. Lavraud, S. E. Milan, T. D. Phan, H. Rème, C. P. Escoubet, C. M. Carr, P. Cargill, M. Lockwood, and B. Sonnerup
► Coordinated Cluster/Double Star observations of dayside reconnection signatures
Annales Geophys., 23, 2867 2875,doi: 10.5194/angeo-23-2867-2005, 2005

228. K. Throp, M. Lockwood, B. S. Lanchester, S. K. Morley, and H. U. Frey
► Modeling the observed proton aurora and ionospheric convection responses to changes in the IMF clock angle: 1. Persistence of cusp proton aurora
J. Geophys. Res., 110, A12311, doi: 10.1029/2003JA010306, 2005

227. M. Lockwood, J.A. Davies, J. Moen, A. P. van Eyken, K. Oksavik, I.W McCrea and M.E. Lester
► Motion of the dayside polar cap boundary during substorm cycles: II. Generation of poleward‐moving events and polar cap patches by pulses in the magnetopause reconnection rate
Annales Geophys, 23, 3513 3532, doi: 10.5194/angeo-23-3513-2005, 2005

226. M. Lockwood, J. Moen, A. P. van Eyken, J.A. Davies, K. Oksavik, and I.W McCrea,
► Motion of the dayside polar cap boundary during substorm cycles: I. Observations of pulses in the magnetopause reconnection rate
Annales Geophys, 23, 3495 3511, doi: 10.5194/angeo-23-3495-2005, 2005

225. S. K. Morley and M. Lockwood
► A numerical model of the ionospheric signatures of time‐varying magnetic reconnection: II. Measuring expansions in the ionospheric flow response
Annales Geophys. , 23, 2501‐2510, doi: 10.5194/angeo-23-2501-2005, 2005

224. H. Lee, I. Tosh, N. Morris, M. Lockwood and S‐W. Kim,
The optomechanical design of Amon‐Ra instrument,
Electronic Imaging and Multimedia Technology IV, Edited by C.‐S. Li and M. M. Yeung,
Proc. S.P.I.E., 5638, 248‐261, doi: 10.1117/12.573624, 2005

2004

223. T. J. Stubbs, P. J. Cargill, M. Lockwood, M. Grande, B. J. Kellett, and C. H. Perry
► Extended cusp‐like regions and their dependence on the Polar orbit, seasonal variations, and interplanetary conditions
J. Geophys. Res., 109, A09210, doi: 10.1029/2003JA010163, 2004

222. A. Rouillard and M. Lockwood,
► Oscillations in the open solar magnetic flux with period 1.68 years: imprint on galactic cosmic rays and implications for heliospheric shielding
Annales, Geophys, 46, 22, 4381‐4395, doi: 10.5194/angeo-22-4381-2004, 2004

221. M. Lockwood, ► Solar Outputs, their variations and their effects of Earth
in “The Sun, Solar Analogs and the Climate” ,
Proc. Saas‐Fee Advanced Course, 34 by J.D. Haigh, M.Lockwood and M.S. Giampapa, eds. I. Rüedi, M. Güdel, and W. Schmutz, pp107‐304, Springer, ISBN: 3-540-23856-5, 2004

220. J. Moen, M. Lockwood, K. Oskavik, H.C. Carlson, W.F. Denig, A.P. van Eyken, and I.W. McCrea
► The dynamics and relationships of precipitation, temperature and convection boundaries in the dayside auroral oval
Annales Geophys., 22, 1‐15, doi: 10.5194/angeo-22-1973-2004, 2004

219. M. Lockwood and S.E. Morley,
► A numerical model of the ionospheric signatures of time‐varying magnetic reconnection: I. Ionospheric convection
Annales Geophys., 22, 73‐91, doi: 10.5194/angeo-22-73-2004, 2004

218. T. J. Stubbs, M. Lockwood, P. Cargill, M. Grande, B. Kellett, and C.H. Perry
► A comparison between ion characteristics observed by the POLAR and DMSP spacecraft in the high‐latitude magnetosphere
Annales Geophys., 22, 1033‐1046, doi: 10.5194/angeo-22-1033-2004, 2004

217. M. Lockwood, R.B. Forsyth, A. Balogh, and D. J. McComas
► Open solar flux estimates from near‐Earth measurements of the interplanetary magnetic field: comparison of the first two perihelion passes of the Ulysses spacecraft
Annales Geophys, 22, 1395‐1405, doi: 10.5194/angeo-22-1395-2004, 2004

2003

216. S.E. Morley and M. Lockwood,
► The dependence of cusp ion signatures on the reconnection rate
Annales Geophys., 21, 947 953, doi: 10.5194/angeo-21-947-2003, 2003

215. M. Lockwood , B.S. Lanchester , H. Frey , K. Throp, S. Morley, S.E. Milan, and M.E. Lester,
► IMF Control of Cusp Proton Emission Intensity and Dayside Convection: implications for component and anti‐parallel reconnection
Annales Geophys., 21, 955 982, doi: 10.5194/angeo-21-955-2003 2003

214. M. Lockwood
► Twenty‐three cycles of changing open solar flux
J. Geophys. Res., 108(A3), 1128, doi: 10.1029/2002JA009431, 2003

2002

213. M. Lockwood
► Relationship between the near‐Earth interplanetary field and the coronal source flux: Dependence on timescale
J. Geophys, Res., 107, doi. 10.1029/2001JA009062, 2002

212. E. E. Woodfield, J. A. Davies, M. Lester, T. K. Yeoman, P. Eglitis, and M. Lockwood
► Nightside studies of coherent HF Radar spectral width behaviour
Annales Geophysicae, 20, 1399 1413, doi: 10.5194/angeo-20-1399-2002, 2002

211. M. Lockwood
► Foreword by the Chairman of the EISCAT Council
Annales Geophysicae, 20, 1261 1262, 2002

210. D. H. Mackay, and M. Lockwood
► The Evolution of the Sun's Open magnetic Flux: II. Full solar cycle simulations
Solar Phys., 209(2), 287‐309, doi: 10.1023/A:1021230604497, 2002

209. D. H. Mackay, E. R. Priest, and M. Lockwood
► The Evolution of the Sun's Open Magnetic Flux: I. A Single Bipole
Solar Phys., 207(2), 291‐308, doi: 10.1023/A:1016249917230, 2002

208. J. A. Davies, T. K. Yeoman, I. J. Rae, S. E. Milan, M. Lester, M. Lockwood and K. A. McWilliams
► Ground‐based observations of the auroral zone and polar cap ionospheric responses to dayside transient reconnection
Annales Geophys., 20, 781 794, doi: 10.5194/angeo-20-781-2002, 2002

207. M. Lockwood
► Long‐term variations in the open solar flux and links to variations in Earths climate
In “From Solar Min to Max: Half a solar cycle with SoHo”, Proc. SoHO 11 Symposium, Davos, Switzerland, March 2002, ESA‐SP‐508, pp 507‐522, ESA Publications, Noordvijk, The Netherlands, 2002

206. M. Lockwood
► An evaluation of the correlation between open solar flux and total solar irradiance
Astron. and Astrophys., 382, 678‐687, doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20011666, 2002

2001

205. M. Lockwood
► Magnetosphere of Earth
In Encyclopedia of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Ed. P. Murdin, (8 pages), Nature publishing group & IOP Publishing, doi: 10.1888/0333750888/2338, 2001

204. M. Lockwood Long‐term variations in cosmic ray fluxes and total solar irradiance and global climate change
Proc. Workshop on Ion‐Aerosol‐Cloud Interactions, CERN, 18‐20th April 2001, ed. J. Kirkby, CERN Yellow Report,
CERN‐2001‐007 (ISSN 0007-8328, ISBN 92-9083-191-0), 2001

203. T. G. Onsager, J. D. Scudder, M. Lockwood, C. T. Russell
► Reconnection at the High‐Latitude Magnetopause During Northward IMF Conditions
J. Geophys. Res., 106, 25467‐25488, doi: 10.1029/2000JA000444, 2001

202. K. Kauristie, T. I. Pulkkinen, O. Amm, A. Viljanen, M. Syrjäsuo, P. Janhunen, S. Massetti, S. Orsini, M. Candidi, J. Watermann, E. Donovan, P. Prikryl, I. R. Mann, P. Eglitis, C. Smith, W. F. Denig, H. J. Opgenoorth, M. Lockwood, M. Dunlop, A. Vaivads, and M. André
► Ground‐based and satellite observations of high‐latitude auroral activity in the dusk sector of the auroral oval
Annales Geophys. , 19, 1683‐1696, doi: 10.5194/angeo-19-1683-2001, 2001

201. H. J. Opgenoorth, M. Lockwood, D. Alcayde, E. Donovan, M. J. Engebretson, A. P. van Eyken, K. Kauristie, M.Lester, J. Moen, J. Waterman, H. Alleyne, M. André, M. W. Dunlop, N. Cornilleau‐Wehrlin, P. M. E. Decreau, A. Fazerkerley, H. Reme, R. André, O. Amm, A. Balogh, R. Behlke, P.L. Blelly, H. Boholm, E. Borälv, J.M. Bosqued, S. Buchert, M. Candidi, J.C. Cerisier, C. Cully, W.F. Denig, R. Doe, P.Eglitis, R. A. Greenwald, B. Jackal, J. D. Kelly, Ian Krauklis, G. Lu, I. R. Mann, M.F. Marcucci, I. W. McCrea, M. Maksimovic, S. Massetti, A. Masson, D. K. Milling, S. Orsini, F. Pitout, G. Provan, J. M. Ruohoniemi, J. C Samson, J. J. Schott, F. Sedgemore‐Schulthess, R. Stamper, P. Stauning, A. Strömme, M. Taylor, A. Vaivads, J. P. Villain, I. Voronkov, J. Wild, and M. Wild.
► Coordinated Ground‐Based, Low Altitude Satellite and Cluster Observations on Global and Local Scales During a Transient Postnoon Sector Excursion of the Magnetospheric Cusp
Annales Geophys., 19, 1367‐1398, doi: 10.5194/angeo-19-1367-2001, 2001

200. M. Lockwood, A. Fazakerley, H. Opgenoorth, J. Moen, A.P. van Eyken, M. Dunlop, J.‐M. Bosqued, G. Lu, C. Cully, P. Eglitis, I.W. McCrea, M.A. Hapgood , M.N. Wild, R. Stamper, W. Denig , M. Taylor, J. Wild, G. Provan, O. Amm , K. Kauristie, T. Pulkkinen, A. Strömme, P. Prikryl, F. Pitout, A. Balogh, H. Rème, R. Behlke, T. Hansen, R. Greenwald, H. Frey, S.K. Morley, D. Alcaydé, P.‐L. Blelly, E. Donovan, M. Engebretson, M. Lester, J. Watermann, M.F. Marcucci
► Co‐ordinated Cluster and ground‐based instrument observations of transient changes in the magnetopause boundary layer during an interval of predominantly northward IMF: relation to reconnection pulses and FTE signatures
Annales Geophys., 19, 1613‐1640, doi: 10.5194/angeo-19-1613-2001, 2001

199. M. Lockwood, H. Opgenoorth, A.P. van Eyken, A. Fazakerley, J.‐M. Bosqued, W. Denig, J. Wild, C. Cully, R. Greenwald, G. Lu, O. Amm, H. Frey, A. Strömme, P. Prikryl, M.A. Hapgood, M.N. Wild, R. Stamper, M. Taylor, I. McCrea, K. Kauristie, T. Pulkkinen, F. Pitout, A. Balogh, M. Dunlop, H. Rème, R. Behlke, T. Hansen, G. Provan, P. Eglitis, S.K. Morley, D. Alcaydé, P.‐L. Blelly, J. Moen, E. Donovan, M. Engebretson, M. Lester, J. Watermann, M.F. Marcucci
► Co‐ordinated Cluster, ground‐based instrumentation and low‐altitude satellite observations of transient poleward‐moving events in the ionosphere and in the tail lobe
Annales Geophys. , 19, 1589‐1612, doi: doi:10.5194/angeo-19-1589-2001, 2001

198. M. Lockwood, S.E. Milan, T. Onsager, C.H. Perry, J.A. Scudder, C.T. Russell and M. Brittnacher
► Cusp Ion Steps, Field‐Aligned Currents and Poleward‐Moving Auroral Forms
J. Geophys. Res., 106 29555‐29570, doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20011666, 2001

197. N.J. Fox, S.W.H. Cowley, J.A. Davies, R.A. Greenwald, M. Lester, M. Lockwood and H. Lühr,
► Ionospheric ion and electron heating at the poleward boundary of a poleward‐expanding substorm‐disturbed region
J. Geophys. Res., 106,12845‐12862, doi: 10.1029/1999JA000387, 2001

196. M. Lockwood
► Long‐Term Variations in the Magnetic Fields of the Sun and the Heliosphere: their origin, effects and implications
J. Geophys. Res., 106, 16021‐16038, doi: 10.1029/1999JA000387, 2001

195. S. Foster and M. Lockwood
► Long‐Term Changes in the Solar Photosphere Associated with Changes in the Coronal Source Flux
Geophys. Res. Lett. , 28, 1443‐1446, doi: 10.1029/2000GL011995, 2001

194. C J. Davis, E. M. Clarke, R. A. Bamford, M. Lockwood, S. A. Bell
► Long term changes in EUV and X‐ray emissions from the solar corona and chromosphere as measured by the response of the Earth's ionosphere during total solar eclipses from 1932 to 1999
Annales Geophys., 19, 263‐273, doi: 10.5194/angeo-19-263-2001, 2001

193. M. Lockwood and D.H. Mackay
► Solar magnetism attracts an answer
Physics World, 14, (3), 21‐22, 2001

192. M. Lockwood and S.S. Foster
► Long‐term variations in the magnetic field of the Sun and possible implications for terrestrial climate
In “The solar cycle and Terrestrial Climate”, Proc. 1st. Solar and Space Weather Euroconference, ESP SP‐463, 85‐94, 2001

191. M. Lockwood
► The day the solar wind nearly died
Nature, 6821 (409) , 677‐679, doi: 10.1038/35055654, 2001

190. T.J. Stubbs, M. Lockwood, P. Cargill, J. Fennel, M. Grande, B. Kellett, C.H. Perry, and A. Rees
► Dawn/dusk asymmetry in particles of solar wind origin within the magnetosphere
Annales Geophys., 19, 1‐9, doi: 10.5194/angeo-19-1-2001, 2001

189. T.I. Pulkkinen, H. Nevanlinna, P.J. Pulkkinen, M. Lockwood
► The Earth‐Sun connection in time scales from years to decades to centuries
Space Sci. Rev., 95(1/2), 625‐637, doi: 10.1023/A:1005299314802, 2001

2000

188. Karlsson S.B.P., H.J. Opgenoorth, P. Eglitis, K. Kauristie, M. Syrjäsuo, T. Pulkkinen, M. Lockwood, R. Nakamura, G. Reeves and S. Romanov,
► Solar wind control of magnetospheric energy content: substorm quenching and multiple onsets
J. Geophys. Res., 105, 5335‐5356, doi: 10.1029/1999JA900297, 2000

187. I.W. McCrea, M. Lockwood, J. Moen, F. Pitout, P. Eglitis , A.D. Aylward, J.‐C. Cerisier, A. Thorolfsson and S.E. Milan
► ESR and EISCAT observations of the response of the cusp and cleft to IMF orientation changes
Annales Geophys., 18, 1009‐1026, doi: 10.1007/s00585-000-1009-7, 2000

186. A. Thorolfsson, J.‐C. Cerisier, M. Lockwood, P.E. Sandholt, C. Senior and M. Lester
► Simultaneous radar and optical signatures of poleward‐moving auroral forms
Annales Geophys., 18, 1054‐1066, doi: 10.1007/s00585-000-1054-2, 2000

185. M. Lockwood, I.W. McCrea, S.E. Milan, J. Moen, J.‐C. Cerisier, A. Thorolfsson
► Plasma structure within poleward‐moving cusp‐cleft auroral transients: EISCAT Svalbard radar observations and an explanation in terms of large local time extent of events
Annales Geophys., 18, 1027‐1042, doi: 10.1007/s00585-000-1027-5, 2000

184. H.J. Opgenoorth, P. Eglitis and M. Lockwood
Upgraded ground‐based facilities for co‐ordinated measurements with Cluster: opportunities for magnetospheric research revisited
in Proc. Cluster‐II Workshop on Multiscale‐Multipoint Measurements, London, ESA SP‐449, pp 79‐85, European Space Agency Publications, ESTEC, Noordwijk, 2000

183. T.J. Stubbs, P. Cargill, M. Grande, B. Kellet, M. Lockwood, and C.H. Perry
► Observations of the northern polar cusp with the Polar spacecraft
in Proc. Cluster‐II Workshop on Multiscale‐Multipoint Measurements, London, ESA SP‐449, pp 319‐322, European Space Agency Publications, ESTEC, Noordwijk, 2000

182. C.J. Davis, M. Lockwood, S. A. Bell, J. A. Smith, and E. M. Clarke
► Ionospheric measurements of relative coronal brightness during the total solar eclipses of 11 August 1999 and 9 July 1945
Annales Geophys., 18, 182‐190, doi: 10.1007/s00585-000-0182-z, 2000

1999

181. Fox, N.J., S.W.H. Cowley, V.N. Davda, G. Enno, E. Friis‐Christensen, R.A. Greenwald, M.R. Hairston, M.G. Kivelson, M. Lester, M. Lockwood, H. Lühr, D.K. Milling, J.S. Murphree, M. Pinnock, and G.D. Reeves,
► A multipoint study of a substorm occurring on 7 December 1992 and its theoretical implications
Ann. Geophys., 17, 1369‐1384, doi: 10.1007/s00585-999-1369-6, 1999

180. R. Stamper, M. Lockwood, M.N. Wild, and T.D.G. Clark
► Solar Causes of the Long Term Increase in Geomagnetic Activity
J. Geophys Res., 104, 28325‐28342, doi: 10.1029/1999JA900311, 1999

179. K.J.F. Sedgemore‐Schulthess, M. Lockwood, T.S. Trondsen, B.S. Lanchester, M.H. Rees, D. Lorentzen, and J. Moen
► EISCAT Svalbard radar and optical observations of transient field‐aligned currents and aurora in the dayside cusp
J. Geophys. Res., 104, 24613‐24624, doi: 10.1029/1999JA900276, 1999

178. D.G. Sibeck, G. Paschmann, R.A. Treumann, S.A. Fuselier, W. Lennartsson, M. Lockwood, R. Lundin, K.W. Ogilvie, T.G. Onsager, T.‐D. Phan, M. Roth, M. Scholer, N. Sckopke, K. Stasiewicz, and M. Yamauchi
► Plasma transfer processes at the magnetopause
Space Science Reviews, 88, 207‐283, doi: 10.1023/A:1005255801425, 1999
also in “Magnetospheric Plasma Sources and Losses” ed B. Hultqvist, M. Øieroset, G. Paschmann and R. Truemann, Kluwar, Dordrecht, 1999

177. M.O. Chandler, S.A. Fuselier, M. Lockwood and T.E. Moore,
► Evidence of component magnetic merging equatorward of the cusp
J. Geophys. Res., 104 , 22623‐22648, doi: 10.1029/1999JA900175, 1999

176. M. Lockwood and J. Moen
► Reconfiguration and closure of lobe flux by reconnection during northward IMF: evidence for signatures in cusp/cleft auroral emissions
Annales Geophys., 17, 996‐1011, doi: 10.1007/s00585-999-0996-2, 1999

175. M. Lockwood and R. Stamper
► Long‐term drift of the coronal source magnetic flux and the total solar irradiance
Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2461‐2464, doi: 10.1029/1999GL900485, 1999

174. M. Lockwood, R. Stamper, M.N. Wild, A. Balogh and G. Jones
► Our changing sun
Astron & Geophys, 40, 4.10‐4.16, doi: 10.1093/astrog/40.4.4.10, 1999

173. S.A. Fuselier, M. Lockwood, T.G. Onsager and W.K. Peterson
► The source population for the cusp and cleft/LLBL for southward IMF
Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1665‐1669, doi: 10.1029/1999GL900354, 1999

172. M. Lockwood, M.N. Wild, R. Stamper, C.J. Davis and M. Grande
Predicting solar disturbance effects on navigation systems
J. Navigation, 52, 203‐216, 1999

171. M. Lockwood and M. A. Hapgood
► The Low‐Latitude Boundary Layer: Application of ISTP Advances to Past Data
in “The Physics of Sun‐Earth Plasma and Field Processes”, ed. J. Burch, AGU Monograph 109, 103‐111, doi: 10.1029/GM109p0103, 1999

170. M. Lockwood, R. Stamper and M.N. Wild
► A doubling of the sun's coronal magnetic field during the last 100 years
Nature, 399, 437‐439, doi: 10.1038/20867, 1999

169. M. Lockwood and S.W.H. Cowley
► Comment on "A statistical study of the ionospheric convection response to changing interplanetary magnetic field conditions using the assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics technique" by A.J. Ridley et al.
J. Geophys. Res. 104, 4387‐4391, doi: 10.1029/1998JA900145, 1999

168. M. Lockwood and C.J. Davis
► The correct application of Poynting's theorem to the time‐dependent magnetosphere: reply to Heikkila
Annales Geophys., 17, 178‐181, doi:10.1007/s00585-999-0178-2 1999

1998

167. P.E. Sandholt, J.Moen, P. Stauning, J.A. Holtet, S.W.H. Cowley, M. Lockwood, U.P. Løvhaug, T. Hansen, and A. Egeland
► Temporal and spatial variability of auroral forms in the 10‐14 MLT sector: Relationship to plasma convection and solar wind‐magnetosphere
Earth Planets And Space, 50, 663‐682, 1998

166. M. Lockwood and M.A. Hapgood
► On the Cause of a Magnetospheric Flux Transfer Event
J. Geophys. Res., 103, 26453‐26478, doi: 10.1029/98JA02244, 1998

165. I. Müller‐Wordag, A.D. Aylward and M. Lockwood
► Effects of a mid‐latitude solar eclipse on the thermosphere and ionosphere: a modelling study
Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 3787‐3790, doi: 10.1029/1998GL900045, 1998

164. M. Lockwood, C.J. Davis, T.G. Onsager, and J.A. Scudder
► Modelling signatures of pulsed magnetopause reconnection in cusp ion dispersion signatures seen at middle altitudes
Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 591‐594, doi: 10.1029/98GL00185, 1998

163. E.P. Szuszczewicz, P. Blanchard, P. Wilkinson, G. Crowley, T. Fuller‐Rowell, P. Richards, M. Abdu, T. Bullet, R. Hanbaba, J.P. Lebreton, M. Lester, M. Lockwood, G. Millward, M. Wild, S. Puinets, B.M. Reddy, I. Stanislawska, G. Vannaroni and B. Zolesti
► The first real‐time world‐wide ionospheric prediction network: an advance in support of spacebourne experimentation, on‐line model validation and space weather
Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 449‐452, doi: 10.1029/97GL03279, 1998

162. M. Lockwood
Identifying the open‐closed field line boundary
in "Polar Cap Boundary Phenomena ", ed. J. Moen, A. Egeland and M. Lockwood,
NATO ASI Series C, Vol. 509, pp 73‐90, Kluwer, Dordrecht, doi: 10.1007/978-94-011-5214-3_7, 1998

161. M. Lockwood, S.A. Fuselier, A.D.M. Walker, and F. Sörass
A summary of the NATO ASI on polar cap boundary phenomena
in "Polar Cap Boundary Phenomena ", ed. J. Moen, A. Egeland and M. Lockwood,
NATO ASI Series C, Vol. 509, pp 415‐432, Kluwer, Dordrecht, doi: 10.1007/978-94-011-5214-3_32, 1998

1997

160. M. Lockwood
► Solar Wind‐Magnetosphere Coupling
in “Incoherent Scatter: Theory, Practice and Science”
ed. D. Alcayde, Technical Report 97/53, EISCAT Scientific Association, Kiruna. (also RAL report RAL‐95‐P‐100), 1997

159. T.G. Onsager and M. Lockwood
► High‐latitude particle precipitation and its relationship to magnetospheric source regions
Space Sci. Rev., 80, 77‐107, doi: 10.1023/A:1004925720793, 1997

158. M. Lockwood
► Energy and pitch angle dispersions of LLBL/cusp ions seen at middle altitudes: predictions by the open magnetosphere model
Annales Geophys., 15 , 1501‐1514, doi: 10.1007/s00585-997-1501-4, 1997

157. S.W.H. Cowley and M. Lockwood
► Incoherent scatter radar observations related to magnetospheric dynamics
Adv. in Space Res., 20 (4/5), 873‐882, doi: 10.1016/S0273-1177(97)00495-X, 1997

156. M. Lockwood
► Testing Substorm Theories: The Need For Multipoint Observations
Adv. in Space Res. , 20 (4/5), 883‐894, doi: 10.1016/S0273-1177(97)00496-1, 1997

155. M. Lockwood and H.J. Opgenoorth
Foreword
ESA SP‐1198, Ground‐based observations in support of the Cluster mission, ed. M. Lockwood, M.N. Wild and H.J. Opgenoorth, vii‐xi, ESA Publications, ESTEC, Nordvijk, The Netherlands, 1997

154. H.J. Opgenoorth, M.A.L. Persson, M. Lockwood, R. Stamper, M.N. Wild, R. Pellinen, T. Pulkkinen, K. Kauristie, T. Hughes, and Y. Kamide
A new family of geomagnetic disturbance indices
ESA SP‐1198, Ground‐based observations in support of the Cluster mission, ed. M. Lockwood, M.N. Wild and H.J. Opgenoorth, 49‐62, ESA Publications, ESTEC, Nordvijk, The Netherlands, 1997

153. M.N. Wild and M. Lockwood
The Cluster‐Ground Based Data Centre at RAL
ESA SP‐1198, Ground‐based observations in support of the Cluster mission, ed. M. Lockwood, M.N. Wild and H.J. Opgenoorth, pp. 361‐366, ESA Publications, ESTEC, Nordvijk, The Netherlands, 1997

152. R. Stamper, M.N. Wild, M. Lockwood and S. Wallman
An on‐line directory facility of STP
ESA SP‐1198, Ground‐based observations in support of the Cluster mission, ed. M. Lockwood, M.N. Wild and H.J. Opgenoorth, pp. 367‐387, ESA Publications, ESTEC, Nordvijk, The Netherlands, 1997

151. I.W. McCrea and M. Lockwood
Incoherent Scatter Radars
ESA SP‐1198, Ground‐based observations in support of the Cluster mission, ed. M. Lockwood, M.N. Wild and H.J. Opgenoorth, pp. 239‐266, ESA Publications, ESTEC, Nordvijk, The Netherlands, 1997

150. M. Lockwood and H.J. Opgenoorth
Principles of combined ground‐based and satellite studies of solar‐terrestrial phenomena,
ESA SP‐1198 Ground‐based observations in support of the Cluster mission, ed. M. Lockwood, M.N. Wild and H.J. Opgenoorth, pp. 3‐14, ESA Publications, ESTEC, Nordvijk, The Netherlands, 1997

149. H.J. Opgenoorth and M. Lockwood
Opportunities for magnetospheric research with co‐ordinated Cluster and ground‐based observations
Space Sci. Rev., 79, 599‐637, doi: 10.1007/978-94-011-5666-0_20, 1997

148. M. Lockwood
► The relationship of dayside auroral precipitations to the open‐closed separatrix and the pattern of convective flow
J. Geophys. Res., 102, 17475‐17487, doi: 10.1029/97JA01100, 1997

147. C.J. Davis, M.N. Wild, M. Lockwood and Y.K. Tulunay
► Ionospheric and geomagnetic response to changes in IMF Bz: a super‐posed epoch study
Annales Geophys., 15 , 217‐230, doi: 10.1007/s00585-997-0217-9, 1997

146. M. Lockwood and M.A. Hapgood
► How the Magnetopause Transition Parameter Works
Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 373‐376, doi: 10.1029/97GL00120, 1997

145. M. Lockwood
► Cluster´s last stand?
Astron. and Geophys., 38(1), 21‐25, doi: 10.1093/astrog/38.1.21, 1997

1996

144. C.J. Davis and M. Lockwood
► Predicted signatures of pulsed reconnection in ESR data
Annales Geophys., 14, 1246‐1256, doi: 10.1007/s00585-996-1246-5, 1996

143. J. Moen, D. Evans, H.C. Carlson and M. Lockwood
► Dayside moving auroral transients related to LLBL dynamics
Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 3247‐3250, doi: 10.1029/96GL02766, 1996

142. M. Lockwood and J. Moen
► Ion populations on open field lines within the low‐latitude boundary layer: theory and observations during a dayside transient event
Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 2895‐2898, doi: 10.1029/96GL02761, 1996

141. M. Lockwood, S.W.H. Cowley and T.G. Onsager
► Ion acceleration at both the interior and exterior Alfvén waves associated with the magnetopause reconnection site: signatures in cusp precipitation
J. Geophys. Res., 101, 21501‐21515, doi: 10.1029/96JA01948, 1996

140. N.G.J. Gazey, M. Lockwood, M. Grande, C.H. Perry, P.N. Smith, S. Coles, A.D. Aylward R.J. Bunting, H. Opgenoorth and B. Wilken
► EISCAT/CRRES observations: nightside ionospheric ion outflow and oxygen‐rich substorm injections
Annales Geophys., 14 , 1032‐1043, doi: 10.1007/s00585-996-1032-4, 1996

139. M. Lockwood and C.J. Davis
► On the longitudinal extent of magnetopause reconnection bursts
Annales Geophys., 14, 865‐878, doi: 10.1007/s00585-996-0865-1, 1996

138. M.F. Smith and M. Lockwood
► The Earth's magnetospheric cusps
Rev. Geophys., 34 (2), 233‐260, doi: 10.1029/96RG00893, 1996

137. M. Lockwood
► The case for transient magnetopause reconnection
EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 77(26), 246‐250, doi: 10.1029/96EO00175, 1996

136. H. Lühr, M. Lockwood, P.A. Sandholt, T.L. Hansen and T. Moretto
Multi‐instrument ground‐based observations of a Travelling Convection Vortex event
Annales Geophys., 14, 162‐181, doi: 10.1007/s00585-996-0162-z, 1996

135. M. Lockwood and C.J. Davis
An analysis of the accuracy of magnetopause reconnection rate variations deduced from cusp ion dispersion characteristics
Annales Geophys., 14, 149‐161, doi: 10.1007/s00585-996-0149-9, 1996

134. S.W.H. Cowley and M. Lockwood
► Time‐dependent flows in the coupled solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere system
Adv. Space Res. 18, (8)141‐(8)150, doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00972-8, 1996

133. J. Moen, M. Lockwood, P.E. Sandholt, U.P. L vhaug, W,F. Denig, A.P van Eyken, and A. Egeland
► Variability of dayside high‐latitude convection associated with a sequence of auroral transients
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 58, 85-96, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(95)00021-6, 1996

1995

132.J. Moen, P.E. Sandholt, M. Lockwood, W.F. Denig, U.P. L vhaug, B. Lybekk, A. Egeland, D. Opsvik, and E. Friis-Christensen
► Events of enhanced convection and related dayside auroral activity
J. Geophys. Res. 100, 23917-23934, doi: 10.1029/95JA02585, 1995

131. M. Lockwood, C.J. Davis, M.F. Smith, T.G. Onsager, and W.F Denig,
► The location and characteristics of the reconnection X‐line deduced from low‐altitude satellite and ground‐based observations: 2. DMSP and EISCAT radar data
J. Geophys. Res., 100, 21803‐21814, doi: 10.1029/95JA01339, 1995

130. M. Lockwood
► The location and characteristics of the reconnection X‐line deduced from low‐altitude satellite and ground‐based observations: 1. Theory
J. Geophys. Res., 100, 21791‐21802, doi: 10.1029/95JA01340, 1995

129. M. Lockwood
Ground‐Based and Satellite Observations of the Cusp: Evidence for Pulsed Magnetopause Reconnection.
in "Physics of the magnetopause", ed. P. Song, B.U.O. Sonnerup and M.F. Thomsen, American Geophysical Union Monograph 90, 417‐426, doi: 10.1029/GM090p0417, 1995

128. M. Lockwood and H.J. Opgenoorth
► Opportunities for magnetospheric research using EISCAT/ESR and CLUSTER
J. Geoelect. Geomag., 47, 699‐721, 1995

127. N.J. Fox, M. Lockwood, S.W.H. Cowley, V.N. Davda, G. Enno, E. Friis‐Christensen, R.A. Greenwald, M. Kivelson, M. Lester, H. L hr, D.K. Milling, J.S. Murphree, M. Pinnock and G.D. Reeves
A comparison of Freja auroral images with substorm cycle observations
in "Substorms 2", Proc. 2nd. Int. Conf. on substorms, 421‐428, Geophysical Institute, Fairbanks, Alaska, 1995

126. M. Lockwood
► Large‐scale fields and flows in the magnetosphere‐ionosphere system
Surveys in Geophysics, 16, 389‐441, doi: 10.1007/BF01044574, 1995

125. N.G.J. Gazey, M. Lockwood, P.N. Smith, S. Coles, R.J. Bunting, M. Lester, A.D. Aylward, T.Y. Yeoman and H. Lühr
► The development of substorm cross‐tail current disruption as seen from the ground
J. Geophys. Res., 100, 9633‐9648, doi: 10.1029/94JA02322, 1995

124. M. Lockwood
► Overlapping cusp ion injections: an explanation invoking magnetopause reconnection
Geophys. Res. Lett, 22, 1141‐1144, doi: 10.1029/95GL00811, 1995

123. M. Lockwood, S,W.H. Cowley, M.F. Smith, R.P. Rijnbeek and R.C. Elphic
► The contribution of flux transfer events to convection
Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 1185‐1188, doi: 10.1029/95GL01008, 1995

122. L.A. Weiss, P.H. Reiff, E.J. Weber, H.C. Carlson, M. Lockwood and W.K. Peterson
► Flow‐aligned jets in the magnetospheric cusp: results from the Geospace Environment Modelling pilot programme
J. Geophys. Res., 100, 7649‐7660, doi: 10.1029/94JA03360, 1995

121. M. Lockwood, S.W.H. Cowley, P.E. Sandholt and U.P. L vhaug
► Causes of plasma flow bursts and dayside auroral transients: an evaluation of two models invoking reconnection pulses and changes in the Y component of the magnetosheath field
J. Geophys. Res. 100, 7613‐7626, doi: 10.1029/94JA02264, 1995

120. M. Lockwood and C.J. Davis
► The occurrence probability, width and number of steps of cusp precipitation for fully pulsed reconnection at the dayside magnetopause
J. geophys. Res. 100, 7627‐7640, doi: 10.1029/94JA02197, 1995

119. M. Lester, M. Lockwood, T.K. Yeoman, S.W.H. Cowley, H. L hr, R. Bunting and C.J. Farrugia
The response of ionospheric convection in the polar cap to substorm activity
Ann. Geophys. 13, 147‐158, doi: 10.1007/s00585-995-0147-3, 1995

118. M.A. Hapgood and M. Lockwood
► Rapid changes in LLBL thickness
Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 77‐80, doi: 10.1029/94GL02835, 1995

1994

117. M. Lockwood, T.G. Onsager, C.J. Davis, M.F. Smith and W.F Denig
► The characteristics of the magnetopause reconnection X‐line deduced from low‐altitude satellite observations of cusp ions
Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2757‐2760, doi: 10.1029/94GL02696, 1994
► Correction

116. M. Lockwood and H.C. Carlson, Jr.
► Reply: ionospheric effects of transient magnetopause reconnection
Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2337‐2338, doi: 10.1029/93GL03390, 1994

115. M. Lockwood, S.W.H. Cowley and M.F. Smith
► Comment on "By fluctuations in the magnetosheath and azimuthal flow velocity transients in the dayside ionosphere" by Newell and Sibeck
Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 1819‐1820, doi: 10.1029/94GL01360, 1994

114. N.J. Fox, M. Lockwood, S.W.H. Cowley, M.P. Freeman, E. Friis‐Christensen, D.K. Milling, M. Pinnock and G.D. Reeves
EISCAT observations of unusual flows in the morning sector associated with weak substorm activity
Annales Geophys. 12, 541‐553, doi: doi:10.1007/s00585-994-0541-2, 1994

113. J. Moen, P.E. Sandholt, M. Lockwood, A. Egeland and K. Fukui
► Multiple discrete arcs on sunward convecting field lines in the 14‐15 MLT region
J. geophys. Res. 99, 6113‐6123, doi: 10.1029/93JA03344, 1994

112. M. Lockwood
Ionospheric signatures of pulsed magnetopause reconnection
in "Physical signatures of magnetopause boundary layer Processes", ed. J.A. Holtet and A. Egeland, NATO ASI Series C, Vol. 425, Kluwer, 229‐243, doi: 10.1007/978-94-011-1052-5_16, 1994

111. M. Lockwood and M.F. Smith
► Low– and mid–altitude cusp particle signatures for general magnetopause reconnection rate variations: I ‐ Theory
J. Geophys. Res., 99, 8531‐8555, doi: 10.1029/93JA03399, 1994

110. M. Lockwood and S.W.H. Cowley
► Comment on "Ionospheric signatures of dayside magnetopause transients: a case study using satellite and ground measurements" by Denig et al.
J. Geophys. Res., 99, 4253‐4255, doi: 10.1029/93JA02737, 1994

1993

109. D.J. Knipp, B.A. Emery, A.D. Richmond, N.U. Crooker, M.R. Hairston, J.A. Cumnock, W.F. Denig, F.J. Rich, O. de la Beaujardiere, J.M. Ruohoniemi, A.S. Rodger, G. Crowley, B.‐H. Ahn, D.S. Evans, T.J. Fuller‐Rowell, E. Friis‐Christiansen, M. Lockwood, H. Kroehl, C. McClennan, A. McEwin, R.J. Pellinen, R.J. Morris, G.B. Burns, V. Papitashvili, A. Zaitzev, O. Troshichev, N. Sato, P. Sutcliffe, L. Tomlinson,
► Ionospheric convection response to strong, slow variations in a northward interplanetary magnetic field: A case study for January 14, 1988
J. Geophys. Res., 98, 19,273‐19,292, doi: 10.1029/93JA01010, 1993

108. M. Lockwood and M.F. Smith
► Comment on "Mapping the dayside ionosphere to the magnetosphere according to particle precipitation characteristics " by Newell and Meng
Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1739‐1740, doi: 10.1029/93GL01967, 1993

107. M. Lockwood, H.C. Carlson and P.E. Sandholt
► The implications of the altitude of transient 630 nm dayside auroral emissions
J. geophys. Res., 98, 15571‐15587, doi: 10.1029/93JA00811, 1993

106. M.F. Smith, F. Herrero, M. Hesse, D.N. Baker, P. Bochsler, P. Wurz, H. Balsiger, S. Chakrabarti, G. Erickson, D. Cotton, T.S. Stephen, C. Jamar, J.C. Gerard, S.A. Fuselier, A.G. Ghielmetti, S.B. Mende, W.K. Peterson, E.G. Shelley, R.D Vondrak, D.L. Gallagher, T.E. Moore, C. Pollock, R. Arnoldy, M. Lockwood and R. Gladstone
The High‐Latitude Ion Transport and Energetics (HI‐LITE) Explorer: A mission to investigate ion outflow from the high‐latitude ionosphere
Proc. S.P.I.E., 2008, "Instrumentation for Magnetospheric Imagery II", 40‐56, doi: 10.1117/12.147643, 1993

105. M. Lockwood, J. Moen, S.W.H. Cowley, A.D. Farmer, U.P. L vhaug, H. L hr and V.N. Davda
► Variability of dayside convection and motions of the cusp/cleft aurora
Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1011‐1014, doi: 10.1029/93GL00846, 1993

104. M. Lockwood and M.N. Wild
► On the quasi‐periodic nature of magnetopause flux transfer events
J. geophys. Res., 98, 5935‐5940, doi: 10.1029/92JA02375, 1993

103. M. Lockwood
► Modelling the high‐latitude ionosphere for time‐varying plasma convection
Proc. Inst. Elec. Eng. H, 140, 91‐100, 1993

102. M. Lockwood, I.W. McCrea, G.H. Millward, R.J. Moffett and H. Rishbeth
► EISCAT observations of ion composition and temperature anisotropy in the high‐latitude F‐region
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 55, 895‐906, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(93)90029-X, 1993

101. M.A. Hapgood and M. Lockwood
► On the voltage and distance across the low‐latitude boundary layer
Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 145‐148, doi: 10.1029/93GL00063, 1993

100. M. Lockwood, W.F. Denig, A.D. Farmer, V.N. Davda, S.W.H. Cowley & H. L hr
► Ionospheric signatures of pulsed magnetic reconnection at the Earth's magnetopause
Nature, 361 (6411), 424‐428, doi: 10.1038/361424a0, 1993

1992

99. M.A. Saunders, M.P. Freeman, D.J. Southwood, S.W.H. Cowley, M. Lockwood, J.C. Samson, C.J. Farrugia and T.J. Hughes
► Dayside ionospheric convection changes in response to long period IMF oscillations: determination of the ionospheric phase velocity
J. Geophys. Res., 97, 19373‐19380, doi: 10.1029/92JA01383, 1992

98. M. Lockwood and H.C. Carlson, Jr.
► Production of polar cap electron density patches by transient magnetopause reconnection
Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1731‐1734, doi: 10.1029/92GL01993, 1992

97. M. Lockwood and M.F. Smith
► The variation of reconnection rate at the dayside magnetopause and cusp ion precipitation
J. Geophys. Res., 97, 14841‐14847, doi: 10.1029/92JA01261, 1992

96. S.W.H. Cowley, J.P. Morelli, M.P. Freeman, M. Lockwood, and M.F. Smith
Excitation and decay of flows in the magnetosphere‐ionosphere system due to magnetic reconnection at the dayside magnetopause and in the geomagnetic tail
in "Substorms 1, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Substorms, ICS‐1", ed C. Mattock, ESA‐SP‐335, 117‐123, European Space Agency Publications, Nordvijk, The Netherlands, 1992

95. M. Lockwood and S.W.H. Cowley
► Ionospheric Convection and the substorm cycle
in “Substorms 1, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Substorms, ICS‐1”, ed C. Mattock, ESA‐SP‐335, 99‐109, European Space Agency Publications, Nordvijk, The Netherlands, 1992

94. P.E. Sandholt, M. Lockwood, W.F. Denig, R.C. Elphic and S. Leontjev
Dynamical auroral structure in the vicinity of the polar cusp: multipoint observations during southward and northward IMF
Annales Geophys., 10, 483‐497, 1992

93. M.F. Smith, M. Lockwood and S.W.H. Cowley
► The statistical cusp: a simple flux transfer event model
Planet. Space Sci., 40, 1251‐1268, doi: 10.1016/0032-0633(92)90082-Y, 1992

92. S.W.H. Cowley and M. Lockwood
► Excitation and decay of solar‐wind driven flows in the magnetosphere‐ionosphere system
Annales Geophys., 10, 103‐115, 1992

91. M. Lockwood and A. Coates
Blowing in the solar wind
New Scientist, 133, 1811, 25‐30, 7 March 1992

1991

90. M. Lockwood
Requirements for co‐ordinated Cluster and ground‐based observations of the cusp
in "CLUSTER ‐ dayside polar cusp", ed. C.I Barron, ESA SP‐330, 203‐210, European Space Agency Publications, Nordvijk, The Netherlands, 1991

89. S.W.H. Cowley, M.P. Freeman, M. Lockwood and M.F. Smith
► The ionospheric signature of flux transfer events
in "CLUSTER ‐ dayside polar cusp", ed. C.I. Barron, ESA SP‐330, 105‐112, European Space Agency Publications, Nordvijk, The Netherlands, 1991

88. M. Lockwood
Incoherent scatter radar measurements of the cusp
in "CLUSTER ‐ dayside polar cusp", ed. C.I. Barron, ESA SP‐330, 57‐66, European Space Agency Publications, Nordvijk, The Netherlands, 1991

87. M. Lockwood and S.W.H. Cowley
► Comment on "Ionospheric convection response to changing IMF direction" by Knipp et al.
Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 2173‐2174, doi: 10.1029/91GL02547, 1991

86. M. Lockwood
The interconnection of the magnetic fields of the Earth and the sun
Endeavour, 15(3), 126‐132, 1991

85. S.W.H. Cowley, J.P. Morelli, and M. Lockwood
► Dependence of convective flows and particle precipitation in the high‐latitude dayside ionosphere on the X and Y components of the interplanetary magnetic field
J. geophys. Res., 96, 5557‐5564, doi: 10.1029/90JA02063, 1991

84. M. Lockwood
► Flux Transfer Events at the dayside magnetopause: Transient reconnection or magnetosheath pressure pulses?
J. geophys. Res., 96, 5497‐5509, doi: 10.1029/90JA02389, 1991

83. M. Lockwood
► The excitation of ionospheric convection
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 53, 177‐199, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(91)90103-E, 1991

82. M.A. Hapgood, G. Bowe, M. Lockwood, D.M. Willis, and Y. Tulunay
► Variability of the interplanetary magnetic field at 1 A.U. over 24 years: 1963 – 1986
Planet. Space Sci., 39, 411‐423, doi: 10.1016/0032-0633(91)90003-S, 1991

81. M. Lockwood
► On flow reversal boundaries and cross‐cap potential in average models of high latitude convection
Planet. Space Sci., 39, 397‐409, doi: 10.1016/0032-0633(91)90002-R, 1991

1990

80. P.E. Sandholt, M. Lockwood, B. Lybekk, and A.D. Farmer
► Auroral bright spot sequence near 14 MLT: co‐ordinated optical and ion drift observations ‐ relationship with magnetopause boundary layer dynamics
J. Geophys. Res., 95, 21095‐21110, doi: 10.1029/JA095iA12p21095, 1990

79. M.F. Smith, J.D. Winningham, J.A. Slavin, and M. Lockwood
DE 2 observations of filamentary currents at ionospheric altitudes
in "Physics of magnetic flux ropes", ed. C.T. Russell, E.R. Priest and L.C. Lee, Geophys. Monograph Ser. 58, 591‐598, AGU, Washington, D.C., doi: 10.1029/GM058p0591, 1990

78. M.P. Freeman, C.J. Farrugia, S.W.H. Cowley, D.J. Southwood, M. Lockwood and A. Etemadi
The response of the magnetosphere‐ionosphere system to solar wind dynamic pressure variations
in "Physics of magnetic flux ropes", ed. C.T. Russell, E.R. Priest and L.C. Lee, Geophys. Monograph 58, 611‐618, AGU, Washington, D.C., doi: 10.1029/GM058p0611, 1990

77. R.C. Elphic, M. Lockwood, S.W.H. Cowley, and P.E. Sandholt
► Flux transfer events at the magnetopause and in the ionosphere
Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 2241‐2244, doi: 10.1029/GL017i012p02241, 1990

76. G.A. Bowe, M.A. Hapgood, M. Lockwood, and D.M. Willis
► Variability of solar wind number density, speed and dynamic pressure as a function of the interplanetary magnetic field components: a survey over two solar cycles
Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 1825‐1828, doi: 10.1029/GL017i011p01825, 1990

75. P.E. Sandholt and M. Lockwood
► Periodic auroral events at the high latitude convection reversal in the 16 MLT region
Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 1877‐1880, doi: 10.1029/GL017i011p01877, 1990

74. R.M. Robinson, C.R. Clauer, O. de la Beaujardiere, J.D. Kelly, E. Friis‐Christensen and M. Lockwood
► Sondrestrom and EISCAT radar observations of poleward‐moving auroral forms
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 52, 411‐420, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(90)90040-T, 1990

73. K.J. Winser, M. Lockwood, G.O.L. Jones, H. Rishbeth, and M.G. Ashford
► Measuring ion temperatures and studying the ion‐energy balance in the high‐latitude ionosphere
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 52, 501‐518, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(90)90049-S, 1990

72. M. Lockwood, S.W.H. Cowley, P.E. Sandholt, and R. P. Lepping
► The ionospheric signatures of flux transfer events and solar wind dynamic pressure changes
J. geophys. Res., 95, 17, 113-17, 136, doi: 10.1029/JA095iA10p17113, 1990

71. J.G. Keating, F.J. Mulligan, D.B. Doyle, K.J. Winser and M. Lockwood
► A statistical survey of large field‐aligned flows of thermal ions at high latitudes
Planet. Space Sci., 38, 1187‐1202,doi: 10.1016/0032-0633(90)90026-M, 1990

70. M. Lockwood, P.E. Sandholt, A.D. Farmer, S.W.H. Cowley, B. Lybekk, and V.N. Davda
► Auroral and plasma flow transients at magnetic noon
Planet. Space Sci., 38, 973‐993, doi: 10.1016/0032-0633(90)90043-P, 1990

69. M.F. Smith and M. Lockwood
► The pulsating cusp
Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 1069‐1072, doi: 10.1029/GL017i008p01069, 1990

68. M. Lockwood, S.W.H. Cowley, and M.P. Freeman
► The excitation of plasma convection in the high latitude ionosphere
J. geophys Res., 95, 7961‐7971, doi: 10.1029/JA095iA06p07961, 1990

67. M. Lockwood, S.W.H. Cowley, and P.E. Sandholt
► Transient reconnection - the search for ionospheric signatures
EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 71(20), 709‐720, doi: 10.1029/EO071i020p00709-02, 1990

66. M. Lockwood and M.F. Smith
► Reply to Heikkila
Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 657‐658, doi: 10.1029/GL017i005p00657, 1990

65. M. Lockwood and M.F. Smith
► Reply to Newell
Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 305‐306, doi: 10.1029/GL017i003p00305, 1990

64. P.E. Sandholt, M. Lockwood, T. Oguti, S.W.H. Cowley, K.S.C. Freeman, A. Egeland, B. Lybekk and D.M. Willis
► Midday auroral breakup events and related energy and momentum transfer from the magnetosheath
J. geophys. Res., 95, 1039‐1061, doi: 10.1029/JA095iA02p01039, 1990

63. G.O.L. Jones, P.J.S. Williams, K.J. Winser, and M. Lockwood
► Characteristics of the high‐latitude trough
Adv. in Space Res., 10, (6)191‐(6)196, doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(90)90253-V, 1990

1989

62. M. Lockwood, P.E. Sandholt, S.W.H. Cowley, and T. Oguti
► Interplanetary magnetic field control of dayside auroral activity and the transfer of momentum across the dayside magnetopause
Planet. Space Sci., 37, 1347‐1365, doi: 10.1016/0032-0633(89)90106-2, 1989

61. K. Suvanto, M. Lockwood, K.J. Winser, A.D. Farmer, and B.J.I. Bromage
► Analysis of incoherent Scatter Radar data from non‐thermal F‐region plasma
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 51, 483‐495, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(89)90088-3, 1989

60. M. Lockwood and M.F. Smith
► Low‐altitude signatures of the cusp and flux transfer events
Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 879‐882, doi: 10.1029/GL016i008p00879, 1989

59. K.J. Winser, M. Lockwood, G.O.L. Jones, and K. Suvanto
► Radar observations of non‐thermal plasma at different aspect angles
Adv. in Space Res., 9, (5)107‐(5)112,doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(89)90347-5, 1989

58. M. Lockwood, K. Suvanto, K.J. Winser, S.W.H. Cowley, and D.M. Willis
► Incoherent scatter radar observations of non‐Maxwellian ion velocity distributions in the auroral F‐region
Adv. in Space Res., 9, (5)113‐(5)118, doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(89)90348-7, 1989

57. M. Lockwood, S.W.H Cowley, C.R. Clauer, H. Todd, S.R. Crothers, and D.M. Willis
► Ion flows and heating at a contracting polar‐cap boundary: GISMOS observations indicating viscous‐like interaction on the flanks of the magnetotail
Adv. in Space Res., 9, (5)39‐(5)44, doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(89)90337-2, 1989

56. C.R. Clauer, J.D. Kelly, M. Lockwood, R.M. Robinson, J.M. Rouhoniemi, O. de la Beaujardiere and L. Hakkinen
► June 1987 GISMOS experiment: preliminary report on high‐time resolution, multi‐radar measurements
Adv. in Space Res., 9, (5)29‐(5)33, doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(89)90335-9, 1989

55. K.J. Winser, G.O.L. Jones, P.J.S. Williams, and M. Lockwood
► Observations of large field‐aligned flows of thermal plasma in the auroral ionosphere
Adv. in Space Res., 9, (5)57‐(5)63, doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(89)90341-4, 1989

54. K. Suvanto, M. Lockwood, K.J. Winser, A.D. Farmer, and B.J.I. Bromage
► Analysis of incoherent scatter radar data from non‐Maxwellian F‐region plasma
Adv. in Space Res., 9, (5)103‐(5)106, doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(89)90346-3, 1989

53. C.J. Farrugia, M.P. Freeman, S.W.H. Cowley, D.J. Southwood, M. Lockwood and A. Etemadi
► Pressure‐driven magnetopause motions and attendant response on the ground
Planet. Space Sci., 37, 589‐608,doi: 10.1016/0032-0633(89)90099-8, 1989

52. W. Kofman, K. Schlegel, U.P. Lovhaug, M. Lockwood, and K.J. Winser
► Comment on “The effect of strong velocity shears on incoherent scatter spectra – a new interpretation of unusual high–latitude spectra”
Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 337‐338, doi: 10.1029/GL016i004p00337, 1989

51. M. Lockwood and M.P. Freeman
► Recent ionospheric observations relating to solar wind‐magnetosphere coupling
Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., A, 328, 93‐105, doi: 10.1098/rsta.1989.0026, 1989

50. A. Etemadi, S.W.H. Cowley, and M. Lockwood
► The effect of rapid changes in ionospheric flow on velocity vectors deduced from radar beam‐swinging experiments
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 51, 125‐138, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(89)90112-8, 1989

49. M. Lockwood, P.E. Sandholt, and S.W.H. Cowley
► Dayside auroral activity and momentum transfer from the solar wind
Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 33‐36, doi: 10.1029/GL016i001p00033, 1989

48. K. Suvanto, M. Lockwood, and T.J. Fuller‐Rowell
► The influence of anisotropic F‐region ion velocity distributions on ionospheric ion outflows into the magnetosphere
J. geophys. Res., 94, 1347‐1358, doi: 10.1029/JA094iA02p01347, 1989

47. K.J. Winser, M. Lockwood, G.O.L. Jones, and K. Suvanto
► Observations on non‐thermal plasmas at different aspect angles
J. Geophys. Res., 94, 1439‐1449, doi: 10.1029/JA094iA02p01439, 1989

1988

46. M. Lockwood and S.W.H. Cowley
► Observations at the magnetopause and in the auroral ionosphere of momentum transfer from the solar wind
Adv. in Space Res., 8, (9/10)281‐(9/10)299, doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(88)90142-1, 1988

45. S. Quegan, R.S. Gill, and M. Lockwood
► Comparisons between EISCAT observations and model calculations of the high latitude ionosphere
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 50, 1057‐1076, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(88)90095-5, 1988

44. H. Todd, S.W.H. Cowley, M. Lockwood, D.M. Willis, and H. Lühr
► Response time of the high‐latitude dayside ionosphere to sudden changes in the north‐south component of the IMF
Planet. Space Sci., 36, 1415‐1428, doi: 10.1016/0032-0633(88)90008-6, 1988

43. G.O.L. Jones, P.J.S. Williams, K. Winser, M. Lockwood, and K. Suvanto
► Large plasma velocities along the magnetic field in the auroral zone
Nature, 336, 231‐232, doi: 10.1038/336231a0, 1988

42. M. Lockwood and K.J. Winser
► On the determination of ion temperature in the auroral F‐region ionosphere
Planet. Space Sci., 36, 1295‐1304, doi: 10.1016/0032-0633(88)90080-3, 1988

41. M. Lockwood, S.W.H. Cowley, H. Todd, D.M. Willis and C.R. Clauer
► Ion flows and heating at a contracting polar cap boundary
Planet. Space Sci., 36, 1229‐1253, doi: 10.1016/0032-0633(88)90076-1, 1988

40. A.W. Yau and M. Lockwood
Vertical ion flow in the polar ionosphere
AGU Monograph, 44, 229‐240, doi: 10.1029/GM044p0229, 1988

39. A. Etemadi, S.W.H. Cowley, M. Lockwood, B.J.I. Bromage, D.M. Willis, and H. L hr
► The dependence of high‐latitude dayside ionospheric flows on the north‐south component of the IMF: a high time resolution correlation analysis using EISCAT "POLAR" and AMPTE UKS and IRM data
Planet. Space Sci., 36, 471‐498, doi: 10.1016/0032-0633(88)90107-9, 1988

38. M. Lockwood, M.F. Smith, C.J. Farrugia, and G.L. Siscoe
► Ionospheric ion upwelling in the wake of Flux Transfer Events at the dayside magnetopause
J. geophys. Res., 93, 5641‐5654, doi: 10.1029/JA093iA06p05641, 1988

37. H. Todd, S.W.H. Cowley, A. Etemadi, B.J.I. Bromage, M. Lockwood, D.M. Willis and H. L hr
► Flow in the high‐latitude ionosphere: measurements at 15‐second resolution made using the EISCAT "POLAR" experiment
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 50, 423‐446, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(88)90026-8, 1988

36. M. Lockwood, K. Suvanto, J.‐P. St‐Maurice, K. Kikuchi, B.J.I. Bromage, D.M. Willis, S.R. Crothers, H. Todd, and S.W.H. Cowley
► Scattered power from non‐thermal, F‐region plasma observed by EISCAT ‐ evidence for coherent echoes
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 50, 467‐485, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(88)90029-3, 1988

35. A.D. Farmer, M. Lockwood, T.J. Fuller‐Rowell, K. Suvanto and U.P. Lovhaug
► Model predictions of the occurrence of non‐Maxwellian plasmas, and analysis of their effects on EISCAT data
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 50, 487‐499, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(88)90030-X, 1988

1987

34. K.J. Winser, M. Lockwood and G.O.L. Jones
► Non‐thermal plasma observations using EISCAT: aspect angle dependence
Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 957‐960, doi: 10.1029/GL014i009p00957, 1987

33. M. Lockwood and T.J. Fuller‐Rowell
► Correction to "The modelled occurrence of non‐thermal plasma in the ionospheric F‐region and possible consequences for ion outflows into the magnetosphere"
Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 581‐582, doi: 10.1029/GL014i005p00581, 1987

32. M. Lockwood and T.J. Fuller‐Rowell
► The modelled occurrence of non‐thermal plasma in the ionospheric F‐region and possible consequences for ion outflows into the magnetosphere
Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 371‐374, doi: 10.1029/GL014i004p00371, 1987

31. M. Lockwood, B.J.I. Bromage, R.B. Horne, J.‐P. St‐Maurice, D.M. Willis and S.W.H. Cowley
► Non‐Maxwellian ion velocity distributions observed using EISCAT
Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 111‐114, doi: 10.1029/GL014i002p00111, 1987

1986

30. M. Lockwood, A.P. van Eyken, B.J.I. Bromage, J.H. Waite, T.E. Moore and J.R. Doupnik
► Low‐energy ion outflows from the ionosphere during a major cap expansion ‐ evidence for equatorward motion of inverted‐V structures
Adv. in Space Res., 6, (3)93‐(3)101, doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(86)90321-2, 1986

29. J.H. Waite, M. Lockwood, T.E. Moore, M.O. Chandler, J. Horwitz, and C.R. Chappell
Solar wind control of the geomagnetic mass spectrometer
in "Solar wind ‐ magnetosphere coupling", ed. Y. Kamide and J.A. Slavin, Terra Scientifica, 707‐716, 1986

28. J.L Horwitz, M. Lockwood, J.H. Waite, Jr., T.E. Moore, C.R. Chappell and M.O. Chandler
Transport of accelerated lowenergy ions in the polar magnetosphere
in "Ion acceleration in the magnetosphere and ionosphere", ed. T. Chang, AGU Monograph 38, 56‐60, doi: 10.1029/GM038p0056, 1986

27. T.E. Moore, J.H. Waite, Jr., M. Lockwood and C.R. Chappell
Observations of coherent transverse ion acceleration
in "Ion acceleration in the magnetosphere and ionosphere", ed. T. Chang, AGU Monograph 38, 50‐55, doi: 10.1029/GM038p0050, 1986

26. J.H. Waite, Jr., T.E. Moore, M.O. Chandler, M. Lockwood, A. Persoon, and M. Suguira
Ion energization in upwelling ion events
in "Ion acceleration in the magnetosphere and ionosphere", ed. T. Chang, AGU Monograph 38, 61‐67, doi: 10.1029/GM038p0061, 1986

25. M. Lockwood
► Low‐energy ion flows into the magnetosphere
Adv. in Space Res., 6, (3)63‐(3)77, doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(86)90318-2, 1986

24. T.E. Moore, M. Lockwood, M.O. Chandler, J.H. Waite, Jr., C.R. Chappell, A. Persoon, and M. Sugiura
► Upwelling O+ ion source characteristics
J. Geophys. Res., 91, 7019‐7031, doi: 10.1029/JA091iA06p07019, 1986

23. D.M. Willis, M. Lockwood, S.W.H. Cowley, A.P. van Eyken, B.J.I. Bromage, H. Rishbeth, P.R. Smith, and S.R. Crothers
► A survey of simultaneous observations of the high‐latitude ionosphere and Interplanetary Magnetic Field with EISCAT and AMPTE‐UKS
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 48, 987‐1008, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(86)90071-1, 1986

22. H. Todd, B.J.I. Bromage, S.W.H. Cowley, M. Lockwood, A.P. van Eyken, and D.M. Willis
► EISCAT observations of bursts of rapid flow in the high latitude dayside ionosphere
Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 909‐912, doi: 10.1029/GL013i009p00909, 1986

21. M. Lockwood, A.P. van Eyken, B.J.I. Bromage, D.M. Willis, and S.W.H. Cowley
► Eastward propagation of a plasma convection enhancement following a southward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field
Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 72‐75, doi: 10.1029/GL013i001p00072, 1986

1985

20. M. Lockwood, T.E. Moore, J.H. Waite, C.R. Chappell, J.L. Horwitz and R.A. Heelis
► The geomagnetic mass spectrometer ‐ mass and energy dispersions of ionospheric ion flows into the magnetosphere
Nature, 316, 612‐613, doi: 10.1038/316612a0, 1985

19. J.L. Horwitz and M. Lockwood
► The cleft ion fountain: a two‐dimensional kinetic model
J. geophys. Res., 90, 9749‐9762, doi: 10.1029/JA090iA10p09749, 1985

18. M. Lockwood, M.O. Chandler, J.L Horwitz, J.H. Waite, Jr., T.E. Moore, and C.R. Chappell
► The cleft ion fountain
J. geophys. Res., 90, 9736‐9748, doi: 10.1029/JA090iA10p09736, 1985

17. M. Lockwood, J.H. Waite, Jr., T.E. Moore, J.F.E. Johnson, and C.R. Chappell
► A new source of suprathermal O+ ions near the dayside polar cap boundary
J. geophys. Res., 90, 4099‐4116, doi: 10.1029/JA090iA05p04099, 1985

16. T.E. Moore, C.R. Chappell, M. Lockwood, and J.H. Waite, Jr.
► Superthermal ion signatures of auroral acceleration processes
J. geophys. Res., 90, 1161‐1618, doi: 10.1029/JA090iA02p01611, 1985

1984

15. M. Lockwood, A.D. Farmer, H.J. Opgenoorth, and S.R. Crothers
► EISCAT observations of plasma convection and the high‐latitude, winter F‐region during substorm activity
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 46, 489‐499, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(84)90067-9, 1984

14. A.D. Farmer, M. Lockwood, R.B. Horne, B.J.I. Bromage, and K.S.C. Freeman
► Field‐perpendicular and field‐aligned plasma flows observed by EISCAT during a prolonged period of northward IMF
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 46, 473‐488, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(84)90066-7, 1984

13. M. Lockwood
► Thermospheric control of the auroral source of O+ ions for the magnetosphere
J. geophys. Res., 89, 301‐315, doi: 10.1029/JA089iA01p00301, 1984

12. M. Lockwood
► Simplified estimation of ray‐path mirroring height for HF radio waves reflected from the ionospheric F‐region
Proc. I.E.E.‐F, 131, 117‐125, doi: 10.1049/ip-f-1.1984.0020, 1984

1983

11. M. Lockwood
► A simple M‐factor algorithm for improved estimation of the basic maximum usable frequency of radio waves reflected from the ionospheric F region
Proc. IEE ‐ F, 130, 296‐302, doi: 10.1049/ip-f-1.1983.0049, 1983

10. M. Lockwood
Simplified evaluation of propagation characteristics for HF radiowaves reflected from the ionospheric F2 layer
IEE Conf. Publ. 219, Part 2 (Propagation), 233‐237, 1983

9. M. Lockwood
► Field‐aligned plasma flow in the quiet mid‐latitude ionosphere deduced from topside soundings
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 45, 1-14,doi: 10.1016/S0021-9169(83)80002-6, 1983

1982

8. M. Lockwood
► Thermal ion flows in the topside auroral ionosphere and the effects of low‐altitude, transverse acceleration
Planet. Space Sci., 30, 595‐609, doi: 10.1016/0032-0633(82)90168-4, 1982

7. P.A. Bradley and M. Lockwood
Simplified estimation of HF sky‐wave mode reliability
IEE Conf. Publ. 206, 60‐64, 1982

6. M. Lockwood and J.E. Titheridge
► Departures from diffusive equilibrium in the topside F‐layer from satellite soundings
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 44, 425‐440, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(82)90049-6, 1982

1981

5. M. Lockwood
► A simple model of the effects of the mid‐latitude total ion trough in the bottomside F layer on HF radiowave propagation
Radio Sci., 16, 385‐391, doi: 10.1029/RS016i003p00385, 1981

4. M. Lockwood and J.E. Titheridge
► Ionospheric origin of magnetospheric O+ ions
Geophys. Res. Lett., 8, 381‐384, doi: 10.1029/GL008i004p00381, 1981

1980

3. P.A. Bradley and M. Lockwood
Ionospheric predictions for HF radio systems: the future
AGARD Conf. Proc. 295, (32)1‐(32)13, 1980

2. M. Lockwood and V.B. Mitchell
► Oblique HF radiowave propagation in the main trough region of the ionosphere
Rad. and Elect. Eng., 50, 559‐566, doi: 10.1049/ree.1980.0082, 1980

1. M. Lockwood
► The bottomside mid‐latitude ionospheric trough
J. atmos. terr. Phys., 42, 605‐615, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(80)90095-1, 1980

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